158 COMPOSITE. Aster. 



112. A. nemoralis (Ait.) : scabrous-puberulent; stem very leafy, slender, 

 simple or corymbose at the summit; leaves somewhat rigid, lanceolate or 

 linear, sessile, spreading, scabrous above, the revolute margins sometimes 

 obscurely 2-4 toothed ; those of the slender simple branches or peduncles 

 subulate; rays large. — Ait. Kew. {ed. 1) 3. p. 198; Willd. spec. 3. p. 

 2021 ,- Nult.! gen. 2. p. 154. A. uniflorus, Michx. ! fi. 2. p. 110 (stem 

 simple). A. ledifolius, Pursh ! fi. 2. p. 544. A. Greenei, Nees ! mss. in 

 herb. Am. S^ Hook. Galatella nemoralis, Nees, Ast. p. 173 ; Hook. ! fi. 

 Bor.-Am. 2. p. 15 ; DC! prodr, 5. p. 257 ; Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phiL 

 soc. {n. ser.) 7. p. 303. 



Bogs and wet places, Newfoundland, Pylaie ! Dr. Morrison ! Mr. Cor- 

 mack! Nova Scotia (ex Ait.) and Canada (from Lake Mistassins, Michaux !) 

 to Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene ! and swamps in the pine barrens of New Jer- 

 sey ! Aug.-Oct. — Stem 1-2 feet high, fragile, sometimes simple and bear- 

 ing a solitary head, usually with several simple and often flexuous nearly 

 naked branches, each terminated by a head, rarely branching above. Leaves 

 pale green, 10 to 20 lines long and 2 to 4 wide, usually acutish at each end, 

 and tipped with a callous gland-like point ; the upper surface nearly vein- 

 less; the lower with a prominent midrib and several rather strong primary 

 veins, sprinkled (under a lens) with very numerous and minute resinous 

 globules. Heads rather large, showy ; the peduncle thickened at the base 

 of the involucre, giving the latter a somewhat turbinate appearance. Scales 

 of the involucre minutely pubescent, acute ; the inner appressed, often pur- 

 plish. Rays rather broadly linear, 8-10 lines long, pale lilac-purple, elon- 

 gated; the disk-flowers pale yellow, slightly longer than the pappus. Branch- 

 es of the style in the rays stigmatose throughout their whole length; the 

 achenia of the ray-flowers fertile in all the specimens we have examined. 



♦ * * Scales of the broadly hemispherical involucre loosely imbricated in about % series, 

 oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminata, carincde below, herbaceous, with scarious mar- 

 gins; the inner ahout the length of the disk, the exterior rather shorter: "receptacle 

 fiat, alveolate" (Nutt.) : appendages of the style lanceolate, acute : achenia oblong, 

 compressed, densely silky : pappus of copious rather rigid unequal bristles, alout the 

 length of the corolla of the disk : root or caudex woody, bearing numerous dwarf 

 mostly simple stems, terminating in a naked peduncle : heads large, solitary : leaves 

 thickish, entire, somewhat 3-nerved, mucronulate; the lower linear-spatulate ; the 

 uppermost linear-lanceolate. (Xylorhiza, Nutt.) 



We find no important character to distinguish the Xylorhiza of Nuttall from the 

 group to which Cahmeris Altaica, Nccs, C. Tartai'ica, Lindl. &c. belong; except 

 that the appendages of the style are narrower. 



113. A. Xylorhiza : leaves and scales of the involucre canescently some- 

 what villous or tomentose, tipped with a rigid mucronate point ; peduncle 

 elongated. — Xylorhiza villosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 

 7. p. 298. 



Arid argillaceous tracts in the Rocky Mountains, and on rocks towards 

 the sources of the Platte, Nuttall! — Root long, fusiform, perpendicular: 

 stems 4-6 inches high, minutely pubescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long, spatu- 

 late or lincar-spalulate, 2-3 lines wide towards the apex, tapering to the 

 base. Peduncle usually solitary, 1-3 inches long. Involucre about half an 

 inch in diameter; the scales ovate-lanceolate, with a very stout keel or mid- 

 nerve, and broad scarious margins (especially the innermost), tapering into a 

 cuspidate point. Rays 15 or more, large, much longer than the disk, "pale 

 red." {Nutt.) Pappus brownish, somewhat strongly scabrous. — The (to- 

 mentose rather than villous) pubescence appears as if deciduous, in which 

 case it will probably be difficult to distinguish this species from the following. 



