196 COMPOSITiE. SoLiDAGo. 



Drummond ! Sept.-Oct. — Stem 2-4 feet high, stout, clothed with a hoary 

 villous pubesceuce. Leaves membranaceous, veiny, pale beneath, and 

 more or less pubescent, or sometimes villous, especially on the veins, minute- 

 ly pubescent above ; the lower 2-4 inches li^ng, with margined petioles about 

 the same length, often 2 inches wide, mostly acute and macronate ; the up- 

 per gradually reduced in size, less serrate. Racemes erect, disposed in 

 a virgate panicle. Heads smaller than in the succeeding species, often some- 

 what^clustered. Scales of the involucre pale below, with conspicuous squar- 

 rose herbaceous tips. Achenia narrow, glabrous or nearly so ; in the speci- 

 men from Dr. Chapman, pubescent when young. Pappus copious, some- 

 times turning purplish, unequal; the longer bristles manifestly clavellate- 

 thickened atlhe ajiex ! In Mr. Elliott's speciTnens of this interesting plant, 

 the pappus is purplish, but the corolla appears to be yellow (not ' pale pur- 

 ple'), as it certainly is in the other specimens we have met with. That of 

 Dr. Chapman belongs to a large plant, apparently 5 feet high, with an open 

 panicle, and the heads are nearly as large as in S. squarrosa: the achenia 

 also are evidently pubescent, while they are very obscurely so in Elliott's 

 plant. The specimen of Drummond (iriarked ' No. 328, A, Louisiana,' in 

 herb. Hook.) has smaller heads and almost glabrous leaves. In none of them 

 do we find any trace of ray-flowers. 



* * Rays 12-16 ; pappus uiicqiud, a portion oftlie longer bristles obscurely thickened at 

 the apex. 



2. S. squarrosa (Muhl.) : stem glabrous below, very pubescent at the 

 summit; leaves mostly glabrous, elliptical-lanceolate or oblong, serrate, sca- 

 brons-ciliate, acute, narrowed at the base, sessile; the lowermost broadly 

 spatulate-oval, tapering into a margined petiole; heads (large) in short clus- 

 ters or glomerate racemes disposed in a dense somewhat leafy compound 

 spike ; scales of the minutely pubescent involucre rigid, imbricated in seve- 

 ral series, with conspicuous recurved-spreading herbaceous tips; disk-flowers 

 16 to 24 ; achenia glabrous. — Muhl. ! cat. p. 79 (fide spec, in herh. Collins !) ; 

 Nutt.! gen. 2. 2^. 161 ; Beck! hot. p. 193; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. jj. 459; 

 DC. prodr. 5. p. 337; not oi^ Nutt. in juur. acad. Philad., nor of Ell.? 

 S. confertiflora, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 102 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.- 

 Am. 2. j;. 4 ; not of DC. S. macrophylla, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 542.^ 



Rocky banks, &c., Canada! New England States! New York ! Penn- 

 sylvania! and Alleghany Mountains, Kin, in herb. Muhl.! Aug.-Sept. — 

 Stem 2 to 4 feet high, stout, simple. r..adical and lowest cauline leaves 3-6 

 inches long, 1^-3 inches wide, sharply serrate ; the upper leaves gradually 

 reduced in size, more acuminate, the uppermost entire ; all glabrous, or some- 

 times scabrous-pubescent on the midrib and principal veins, thickish. Heads 

 showy, about as large as in S. rigida, disposed in a rigid and thick virgate 

 interrupted spike often a foot or more long ; which is composed of sessile clus- 

 ters (the lower mostly shorter, the upper longer than the reduced leaves or 

 bracts from the axils of which they arise), or sometimes of dense racemes 

 about 2 inches in length. Scales of the involucre oblong, rigid, with minute- 

 ly lacerate-ciliate margins; the innermost more membranaceous and less 

 squarrose. Rays bright yellow, rather large. — This is not only the plant 

 first published as S. squarrosa (by Mr. Nuttall), but that so named originally 

 by Muhlenberg; as is evident from the habitats New York and Pennsylva- 

 nia, as well as Georgia, given in Muhlenberg's Catalogue, and from the spe- 

 cimen which Mr. Collins received from that author under this name. Al- 

 though not ticketed, specimens of this species exist in the Muhlenbergian 

 herbarium; but there are none of S. petiolaris, to which Mr. Nuttall has re- 

 cently transferred the name. Perhaps, however, the prior name of S. ma- 

 crophylla should have been adopted ; but as neither this species, nor any 



