SoLiDAGo. COMPOSITE. 199 



Bat. t. 244 (poor). V. montana ScrophuIaria3folio, Pluk. aim. t. 235, /. 3. 

 V. latissimo folio Canadensis glabra, Pluk. I. c. f. 4? (Varies, with the 

 glomerate racemes, which usually do not exceed the margined petiole or at- 

 tenuate base of the leaves, sometimes prolonged and exceeding the leaves, 

 either simple or branched, or paniculate. S. flexicaulis, var. 2. Miclix. 

 S. flexicaulis /3. ? ciliata, DC! I. c.) 



Moist woods and shady banks of small streams, Canada! and Northern 

 States ! to Kentucky ! and the mountains and upper country of Georgia. 

 Aug.-Oct. — Stem usually simple, 1-3 feet high, very commonly flexuous, 

 angled by 2 or 3 decurreut hues from the base of the leaves, often hairy or 

 pubescent at the summit. Leaves membranaceous, 3-5 or 6 inches long, 

 and J i to 3 or 4 inches wide (the upper smaller and narrower, the uppermost 

 much reduced in size), abruptly narrowed (the lowermost sometimes almost 

 cordate) at the base into a winged petiole, fully as long as the acuminate 

 apex of the leaf, closely, unequally, and very sharply serrate-toothed, or al- 

 most laciniate-toothed, the teeth triangular-lanceolate and spreading, often 

 ciliate ; the upper surface glabrous, or scabrous with short scattered hairs. 

 Heads middle-sized ; the clusters or racemes mostly sessile. — It must be ad- 

 mitted that the broader-leaved forms of S. cajsia sometimes too closely ap- 

 proach this species, yet we cannot but consider them as distinct. The very 

 broad abruptly petioled leaves, with closely set and spreading teeth, and the 

 angular stem, obviously distinguish the S. latifolia; which is one of the most 

 common species throughout the Northern States. 



8. S. c<«sia (Linn.) : stem terete, simple or branching, seldom flexuous, 

 glabrous, mostly glaucous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, 

 serrate, acuminate, sessile ; heads in short axillary clusters, and sometimes 

 racemose-paniculate at the summit ; peduncles pubescent ; exterior scales of 

 the nearly glabrous involucre oblong, short ; the interior oblong-linear, ob- 

 tuse; rays 3-4; the disk-flowers 5-7 ; achenia pubescent. — Linii. sjycc. 2. p. 

 879 ; Ait. ! Kew. {eel. 1) 3. p. 217 ; Pursh, fl. 2. 'p. 540 ; Smith, in Rees, 

 cycl. no. 37 ; Ell. ! sJc. 2. p. 385 ,- Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 306 ; Darlingt. ! 

 ji. Cest. p. 460 ,- DC. ! proclr. 5. 336. S. flexicaulis, Linn. ! herb. {S^- spec. 

 I. c. 1 excl. syn.) ; Smith, I. c. ; not oi: Ait., DC. S^-c. S. flexicaulis, var. 3, 

 Michx.! fl. 2. p. 118. S. axiflaris, P;«-s/i .' /. 2. p. 542; BecTc, hut. p. 

 193 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 335. S. livida, Willd. enum. p. 890 ,• Pursh, fl. 2. p. 

 541. Virga-Aurea Marilandica cssia glabra. Dill. Elth. t. 307, /. 395.— 

 (Varies, with the stem simple, or considerably branched ; the heads in small 

 globular clusters, or in more or less prolonged racemes at the summit of the 

 stem or branches ; the leaves vary from oblong-lanceolate to elongated linear- 

 lanceolate, &c.) 



Woodlands and thickets, Canada! to Georgia! and Louisiana! Aug.- 

 Oct. — Stem 1-3 feet high, slender, often purplish, and of a glaucous hue. 

 Leaves 2-5 or even 6 inches long, one-third or half an inch to an inch and a 

 half wide, smooth, except the scabrous margins, mostly narrowed at the base, 

 but sessile, irregularly and sharply serrate, with the teeth either appressed, 

 or often coarse and somewhat spreading ; the uppermost usually entire ; the 

 radical and lowermost ovate or oblong and tapering into a slight petiole. 

 Heads nearly as large as in S. latifolia; the bright yellow rays very similar, 

 the achenia pubescent, but not silky or canescent. — There is no specimen of 

 S. csesia in the Linnsean herbarium, and that species appears to have been 

 founded on the figure of Dillenius. Although the specimen of S. flexicaulis 

 in the herbarium of Linnaeus certainly belongs to this species, as Smith has 

 long since remarked, yet we are unwilling to employ that name ; 1st, because 

 the stem is very seldom flexuous ; 2nd, because most succeeding authors 

 have apphed it to S. latifolia, while the equally ancient name of S. caesia 

 has not been misapplied; and 3rd, because the specific phrase given by Lin- 

 naeus, and the entire synonymy, belong to S. latifolia. Those authors. 



