214 COMPOSITE. SoLiDAGO. 



in short racemes on the spreading branches. Sometimes the stem is simple, 

 witli the short and crowded racemes at first erect, and scarcely secund when 

 old. The leaves are rather finely serrate, coarsely veined, the veins conspi- 

 cuous on the lower surface; the radical often 6 inches long and 3-4 broad, 

 abruptly narrowed into a winged petiole; the lower cauline nearly similar, 

 narrowed at the base, or contracted into a short winged petiole ; the upper 

 successively smaller and more closely sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acute or 

 sometimes obtuse. When it grows in deep shade, the leaves become more 

 membranaceous and less scabrous. 



41. S. arguta (Ait.): smooth and glabrous throughout, except the minute- 

 ly ciliate margins of the leaves ; stem strict ; radical and lower cauline 

 leaves large, elliptical or lanceolate-oval, veiny, sharply serrate, with spread- 

 ing teeth, acuminate, tapering into winged and ciliate petioles ; the others 

 lanceolate or oblong, somewhat triplinerved, tapering to each end, sessile, 

 serrate, the uppermost entire; racemes dense, at length elongated and re-, 

 curved, forming a crowded corymbose panicle ; scales of the involucre ap- 

 pressed; ravs 8-12, small, the disk-flowers about 10 ; achenia scarcely pu- 

 bescent.— IjX / Keic: (ed. 1) 3. p. 313 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 538; {Ell. sk. 2. 

 p. 374 ?) DC. prodr. 5. p. 333 ; not of MuhL, Darlijigt., <^c. S. ciliaris, 

 MuM.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2056; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 455 ; DC. 

 prodr. 5. p. 331. S. argentea, Homem. suppl., ex DC. 



[i.juncea: lower leaves narrower and less deeply serrate, the upper more 

 entire.— S. juncea. Ait..' Keu: I. c. ; Pursh, I.e.} Hook. I fl. Bor.-Am. 2. 

 p. 3 ; not of Ell., nor of DC. 



y. scahrella: leaves, especially the lower, scabrous or roughish-pubescent, 

 at least beneath ; racemes somewhat pubescent. 



Meadows, fields, &c. either in dry or moist places, a. & p. Canada (from 

 Subarctic America, Richardson!) and throughout the Northern and Western 

 States! to South Carolina! y. Barrens of Indiana, Dr. Clapp ! Marshes 

 around Louisville, Kentucky, Dr. Short! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! Aug. 

 _Sept. — A rather stout species, 2-4 feet high, apparently well distinguished 

 by the very numerous heads, mostly smaller than in any of its allies, com- 

 pactly disposed in long, at length recurved racemes, which form an arnple 

 and dense fastigiate-corymbose panicle ; by the much appressed and rigid 

 somewhat carinate scales of the involucre (the exterior ovate-oblong) ; the 

 small rays ; glabrous branches of the inflorescence, with the bracts usually 

 ciliate, &c. The radical and lower leaves are frequently very large, ovate- 

 oblong or elliptical, and sharply and coarsely serrate ; this form is the 

 S. arguta of Alton, according to specimens compared by Dr. Boott, &c. : 

 when they are narrower and less coarsely serrate, it is the S. juncea. Ait., 

 &c. The young achenia are more or less pubescent under a lens ; but 

 when mature they are almost glabrous. 



41. S. MMe7ibergii: stem angled, glabrous; leaves (large and thin) 

 smooth and glabrous both sides, very sharply and strongly serrate ; the radi- 

 cal ovate, on winged (naked or ciliate) petioles; the cauline elliptical-lanceo- 

 late, strongly acuminate, tapering into a narrow base or margined petiole; 

 the uppermostsomewhat entire ; racemes pubescent, short, spreading, disposed 

 in an elongated open panicle ; scales of the involucre oblong-linear ; rays 

 6-7, large ; the disk-flowers about 12 ; achenia glabrous. — S. arguta, Muhl.! 

 fl. Lancast. ined., S^'herb. ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 458 ; not o( Ait., nor of 

 Ell. (ex char.) 



Low or shady grounds, Massachusetts ! Vermont ! New York ! and 

 Pennsylvania! Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2-3 feet high, simple, or branched at 

 the summit. Leaves very sharply and often doubly serrate with narrow 

 teeth, as in those of S. latifolia, which they somewhat resemble, the acumi- 

 nate base and apex mostly entire. Panicle often simple at the summit ; the 



