220 COMPOSITE. SoLiDAGO. 



tile oil, are evident in the leaves of this plant, with the aid of a lens, al- 

 though less abundant than in the common form. 



54. S. tortifoUa (Ell.): stem frequently branched, scabrous-pubescent 

 above ; leaves small (very numerous) linear, spreading, often twisted at the 

 base, sparingly serrate; the upper surface with the margins and midrib sca- 

 brous, not punctate ; the recurved racemes in a pyramidal panicle ; rays 3-5, 

 small; the disk-flowers 3-5; aclienia sUghtly pubescent. — Ell! sk. 2. p. 

 377; Hook.! compan. to hot. mag. 1. j:».'"97. S. odora, Michx.! fl. 2. p. 

 118, not oi: Ait. 



Dry fields, &c. North Carolina! to Florida! Louisiana! and Texas! 

 Aug.-Oct. — Stem erect, about 3 feet high, often much branched. Leaves 

 an Inch or more in length, 2-4 lines wide, usually serrate with a few scat- 

 tered teeth, the minutely reticulated veins pellucid, not punctate; the lower- 

 most about 3 inches long, obscurely somewhat triplinerved. Heads smaller 

 than in S. odora; the scales of the involucre obtuse. Pappus nearly equal- ■ 

 ling the corolla of the disk. — In the Texan plant both surfaces of the leaves 

 are equally puberulent-scabrous. 



t t t t Leaves soi-newhat cinereous or canescent, thickish, feather-veined, and more 

 or less evidently triplinerved, the veinlets reticulated : heads middle-sized (racemes 

 sometimes crowded and scarcely secund). 



55. .S. nemoralis (Ait.) : clothed with a very short cinereous pubescence; 

 stem simple or corymbosely branched above ; radical leaves oblanceolate, 

 spatulate, or obovale-cuneiform, tapering into a petiole, mostly crenate-ser- 

 rate; cauline oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, some- 

 what scabrous ; racemes numerous, short, dense, at length recurved-spreading, 

 forming a crowded compound raceme or panicle usually turned to one side ; 

 scales of the involucre linear-oblong, appressed ; rays 6-9, rather short; the 

 disk-flowers 3-6; achenia appressed-pubescent. — Ait.! Keio. {ed. 1)3. p. 

 213 ,• Pursh, fl. 2. p. 537 ; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 373 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 

 3 ,• Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 456; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. hispida, Muhl. 

 in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2063, fide herb. Muhl.! S^-c. S.cinerascens, Schweinitz! 

 in Ell. I. c. 



/3. dwarf and more canescent ; leaves mostly entire ; panicle contracted, 

 somewhat virgate. 



y. leaves more scabrous: the upper short, obovate-spatulate. 



Dry or sterile fields, &c. Canada ! (from the Saskatchawan !) and through- 

 out the United States ! common. (3. On the Assiniboin River, Douglas ! 

 and towards the sources of St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet ! j. Texas, Drum- 

 mond ! Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Kentucky, Dr. Short! Manitou Island, Lake 

 Michigan, Dr. En gelmann! Sept.-Oct. — A well known species, remarka- 

 ble for^its grayish hue and dense inflorescence. The stem (1-3 feet liigh, in 

 /3. 6-10 incbes) is often entirely sim])le, and terminated by a small and con- 

 tracted, more or less elongated and decurved panicle, composed of short 

 glomerate racemes; frequently it produces several such panicles, racemosely 

 or corymbosely arranged : sometimes the stem is much branched at the sum- 

 mit, producing many compound panicles. Scales of the involucre minutely 

 pubescent-ciliate. The var. y. is a more rigid and scabrous form. 



56. S. Radula (Nutt.) : stem simple, scabrous-pubescent ; leaves cunei- 

 form-spatulate, sessile, hispidly pubescent, very scabrous, toothed towards 

 the apex ; the lowest tapering into a somewhat petiolate base; the upper ob- 

 long, mostly entire; panicle contracted, turned to one side, simply racemose 

 at the summit; the racemes short, secund; scales of the involucre oblong, 

 appressed; disk-flowers and rays each 3-6, the latter very short; achenia 



