224 COMPOSITiE. Solidago. 



very numerous recurved racemes ; heads small ; rays very short ; achenia 

 pubescent. — Linn. hort. TJps.p. 259, Sf spec. 2. p. 878 ; Ait. ! Kew. {ed. 1) 

 3. p. 210 ,• Wild. spec. 3. p. 2055 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 535 ; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 369 ; 

 Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 1 (excl. (i.) ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 455 ; 1)C.! 

 prodr. b.p. 330. S. nutans, Desf. ! cat. ; DC ! I. c. Virga-Aurea augus- 

 tifolia, &c. Pluk. aim. t. 236, /. 1. — Varies with the leaves ahnost smooth 

 and glabrous (closely approaching S. serotina) ; and from oblong-lanceolate 

 to elongated linear-lanceolate (a state of the latter is S. longifolia, Schrad. .' 

 hort. Gait., Sf in DC. ! prodr. I. c), from very sharply serrate to nearly entire. 



(i. intermedia : stem villous or densely cinereous-pubescent; leaves softly 

 pubescent or tomentose beneath, scabrous above. — S. Canadensis y. Ait. ! I. c. ; 

 Hook. ! I. c. S. procera, Desf. cat. ; DC I. c. (" Heads much smaller than 

 in S. Canadensis"); Wild, enum.? 



J. jrrocera : stem villous or scabrous-hirsute ; leaves tomentose beneath, 

 scabrous above, elongated lanceolate, sparingly serrate, or the upper entire ; 

 heads larger, with the rays rather longer. — S. procera. Ait. I. c, ; Ell. ! sk. 

 2. p. 369. — Varies with the leaves slightly pubescent, except along the nerves, 

 and the stem scabrous-pubescent, or sometimes glabrous below. 



(5. scahra: stem scabrous-hirsute or cinereous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, frequently entire, indistinctly triplinerved, more veiny and pu- 

 bescent-tomentose or scabrous-pubescent beneath, very scabrous above ; heads 

 and rays as in var. y. — S. scabra, Muhl. ! cat., &f fl. Lancastr. ined. (where 

 it is well characterized) ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 (where it is so incorrectly 

 described that it has not since been recognized) ; not o^ DC. ! 



Borders of thickets, fields, &c., common nearly throughout the United 

 States ! to Subarctic America ! (Oregon, Nuttall.) 6. Pennsylvania ! to 

 Georgia! and west to Saskatchawan ! Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-Oct. — 

 A polymorphous species, distinguished by its small heads, very inconspicuous 

 rays, and pubescent or scabrous stem and leaves. Our var. /?. passes into the 

 succeeding form, from which it is only to be distinguished by the some- 

 what larger heads: the latter is scarcely distinguishable from S. scabra, 

 Muhl. ; which has shorter and usually broader leaves, often indistinctly tripli- 

 nerved but somewhat rugosely veined. — This species appears to have been 

 a long time cultivated in many European gardens, under the name of 

 S. altissima. 



65. S. serotina (Ait.) : stem very smooth, often glaucous ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, serrate, glabrous except the veins beneath, the margins and 

 usually the upper surface scabrous: panicle pyramidal, of numerous recurv- 

 ed racemes ; peduncles roughish-pubescent ; rays short ; achenia at length 

 nearly glabrous. — Ait. Keiv. {ed. 1) 3. p. 211 ; Aluhl..' herb. ; Hook. ! I. c. 

 partly. S. gigantea, Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. Abo. 



Borders of thickets and low grounds, Canada! and nearly throughout the 

 United States! (Oregon, Nuttall.) Aug.-Oct. — Distinguished by its smooth 

 and stout stem (4-8 feet high), while the leaves are more or less pubescent 

 along the ribs beneath, with the upper surface scabrous, at least towards the 

 margins. The leaves are usually less attenuate at the base than in S. gigan- 

 tea, which some states very closely approach ; and the heads and raj's are 

 commonly intermediate in size between that species and S. Canadensis. 

 Achenia pubescent when young. 



66. 5^. gigantea (Ait.) : stem stout, smooth and often glaucous ; leaves 

 smooth and glabrous both sides, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, densely 

 scabrous-ciliolate, very sharply serrate, except the narrowed base ; panicle 

 pyramidal, of numerous recurved racemes; peduncles pubescent or villous; 

 (heads large for this subdivision) ravs exserted ; achenia pubescent. — Ait, ! 

 Kew. (erf.l) 3. p. 211; Hook. ! fl." Bor.-Am. 2. p. 2; DC! prodr. b.p. 

 331. S. serotina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2056. — Varies, with the leaves broadly, 



