Heterotheca. composite. 251 



54. HETEROTHECA. Cass. hill, pliilom. 1817, S^- diet. 21. p. 130 ; DC. 



Calycium, Ell. — Diplocoma, Don. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single 

 series ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, ap- 

 pressed, or with somewhat spreading points, imbricated in few series. Re- 

 ceptacle alveolate, fimbrillate. Corolla of the ray with a slender tube and 

 an oblong or linear ligule ; of the disk slender, somewhat dilated at the 

 throat, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style in the disk-flowers lanceolate, 

 acute, or rarelj^ triangular and obtuse, hispid. Achenia of the ray (some- 

 times glabrous) oval, nioslly triangular, destitute of pappus ; of the disk ob- 

 ovate or cuneiform, compressed, hairy, with a double pappus; the exterior 

 of very short squamellate or somewhat chaffy bristles; the interior of num- 

 erous capillary scabrous bristles mostly in a single series. — Perennial? (N. 

 American and Mexican) strigose or hirsute herbs, paniculately branched. 

 Leaves ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate, sometimes sprinkled with 

 resinous dots; the lower petioled and often furnished with a dilated auricu- 

 late or stipuliform base. Heads in terminal (and often also in smaller axil- 

 lary) corymbose panicles. Flowers yellow. Pappus usually reddish or 

 brownish. 



1. H. scabra (DC) : stem hispid and scabrous; the branchlets glandular; 

 leaves strigose, veiny, dentate-serrate; the upper lanceolate, closely sessile 

 or partly clasping ; the lower oval, coarsely and une(]ually serrate-toothed, 

 obtuse or subcordate at the base, petioled ; the petioles dilated at the base 

 into a roundish foliaceous toothed lamina resembling adnate stipules; heads 

 in a loose spreading or divaricate corymbose panicle; involucre somewhat 

 pubescent and glandular, shorter than the pappus; rays oblong-linear; ache- 

 nia of the ray glabrous; of the disk silky-villous ; inner pappus reddish- 

 brown, in a single series; the exterior squamellate-selaceous, white. — DC. ! 

 prodr. 5. p. 317. H. Lamarckii, Cass, in diet. sei. not. 21. p. 131 (fide 

 descr.) ; DC! I. e. (excl. char. & syn. except Inula subaxillaris. Lam.) 

 Inula subaxillaris. Lam. diet. 3. p. 259, ex spec, in herb. Desf. (fide Cass.) 

 I. scabra, Pursh! fl. 2. p. 531. I. punctata, Muhl. cat. Chrysopsis scabra, 

 Nutt. gen. 2. p. 151 ,• EU. ! sk. 2. p. 339. 



a. Calyeium : achenia of the ray oblong, crowned with a nianifest cup- 

 shaped epigynous disk. — Chrysopsis scabra, Ell..' I. c., Sfe. (Perhaps all the 

 above synonymy belongs here.) Calycium, Ell. I. c, in a note. 



(3. nuda : achenia of the ray broadl}^ oval, the disk obscure. 



Sandy soil and dry pastures. South Carolina ! near the coast, to Western 

 Louisiana! and Texas! Sept.-Oct. — All the specimens from South Caro- 

 lina which we have examined present the " marginal cup" crowning the ray- 

 achenia, as described by Elliott, to which his proposed generic name alludes, 

 and this disk is uniformly nearly obsolete or very inconspicuous in our spe- 

 cimens from the Western States ! The H. Lamarckii of De Candolle, as to 

 the plant in his herbarium, we believe to be a state of the present species; 

 but the character appears to be taken from the Chrysopsis divaricata of Nut- 

 tall and Elliott; who do not describe the ray-flowers as destitute of pappus, 

 nor does the latter include that plant in his proposed genus Calycium, as 

 De Candolle seems to have supposed. The oldest specific name, that of 

 Inula subaxillaris, Lam., is by no means appropriate, except to a particular 



