SiLPniuM. COMPOSITJ5. 277 



y. ovatifuLium : leaves ovate, subcordatc, unequally and doubly toothed. 



Dry pine barrens and open sandy woods, North Carolina ! to Florida ! the 

 var. a. prevalent in the low country ; (i. more common towards the moun- 

 tains, y. Florida, Mr. Croom! Dr. Chapman! June-Aug. — Stem 2-6 feet 

 high, slender, simple, paniculate or cor^'mbose at the summit, with a few 

 scattered bracts, or sometimes 3 or 4 small petiolate leaves towards the base. 

 Leaves 4-8 inches long (in ji. usually broader than long) ; the scattered hairs 

 of the lower surface not arising from papillfc, as in S. terebiuthinaceum. 

 Heads much more numerous, more corymbose or rather cymose, and smaller 

 than in the last named species. Scales of the involucre rather loose, slightly 

 ciliate. Chaft'of the receptacle with slightly dilated and hairy tips. Wing 

 of the large orbicular achenia united with, or when old partly separating 

 from, the subulate or aristate teeth. — This species, well-marked in habit and 

 character, although polymorphous in foliage, is confined to tlie Southern At- 

 lantic States ; while S. terebiuthinaceum, for which Elliott mistook the en- 

 tire-leaved form, is almost exclusively a western plant. From long observa- 

 tion, Mr. Curtis is convinced that our a. and ft. are only varieties of the same 

 species, widely as their extreme forms differ in foliage ; and our own obser- 

 vations confirm this view. 



* * Stem terete or obscurely angled, leafy : leaves undivided, alternate, opposite, or 3-4- 

 nately vcrtidllatc, not unfrequently presenting all these variations in the same plant. 



5. 5. irifoliatum (Linn.) : stem smooth and glabrous, often glaucous; cau- 

 line leaves lanceolate, usually narro\v, acute or acuminate, remotely denticu- 

 late, scabrous, especially the upper surface, on very short hispidly ciliate 

 petioles, ternately or quaternately verticillate, the uppermost opposite ; heads 

 in a loose compound corymb or panicle ; scales of the involucre ciliate, gla- 

 brous ; the exterior ovate, rather acute; the interior broadly oval, obtuse; 

 achenia obovate-oval ; the rather broad wings produced at the summit into 

 2 acute triangular lobes, which are confluent with (when old often more or 

 less separating from) the subulate teeth or awns. — Linn. spec. 2. p. 920 (excl. 

 syn. Moris.) ; Desf. cat. ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3355. S. trifoliatum, terna- 

 tura, & atropurpureum, Retz, in Willd. spec. 3. ^7. 2333 ; Pursh, I. c. ; Ell. 

 sk. 2. p. 466. S. ternatum & S. trifoliatum (at least in part) DC! I. c. 

 S. ternifolium, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 146, chiefly. Chrysanthemum Virginia- 

 num, foliis asperis, &c., Moris, hist. t. 3, /. 68. — Varies with the leaves 

 nearly all verticillate, or the upper opposite and alternate, entire, or irregu- 

 larly serrate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, scabrous or nearly smooth on 

 both sides ; the short petioles ciliate or glabrous ; the stem sometimes pale, but 

 commonly purple and glaucous. 



Dry woods and plains, Ohio ! Maryland ! and throughout the mountainous 

 portion of the Southern States! July-Oct.— Stem 4-6 feet high, striate, 

 slightly angled. Leaves 4-6 inches long, frequently less than an inch broad. 

 Heads rather small ; the rays 12-18. The subulate awns of the achenia 

 equalling or slightly exceeding the wings, with the edges of which they arc 

 confluent, but when mature they often break away. 



6. S. dentatum (Ell.) : stem usually smooth and glabrous, or hirsute-sca- 

 brous towards the summit; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, irre- 

 gularly and coarsely toothed, scabrous above but scarcely so beneath ; tire 

 upper alternate or scattered, ^somewhat pctioled orS(3Ssile; the lower opposite 

 or ternately verticillate, on rather slender hirsute-ciliate petioles ; heads co- 

 rymbose ; scales of the involucre broadly ovate, obtuse, cdiate, glabrous ; 

 achenia broadly obovate, narrowly winged, obtusely emargmatc at the surn- - 

 mit, or almost truncate, the teeth obsolete.— EZL .' sk. 2. p. 468. S. trifo- 

 liatum, partly, DC. I.e.? S. aHiuc, M. A. Curtis ! mss. 



