SiLPHiuM. COMPOSITE. 279 



broadly emarginate, and with very narrow wings. — Pursh's character of S. 

 Ia3vigaiuni is most applicable to a common variety of S. integrifolium : yet 

 the latter surely is not found in the low or middle country of (leorgia (al- 

 though there is some reason to suppose it a native of the western Allegha- 

 nies) : but the plant may have been described from the mere summit of the 

 stem of this species; for which, as it is certainly Elliott's plant, we have 

 retained the name. 



9. S. scaberrhnum (Ell.) : stem somewhat angled, hispid, nearly glabrous 

 when old (sometimes smooth when young) ; leaves opposite, oval, acute or 

 somewhat acuminate, rigid, hispid-scabrous on both sides ; the uppermost 

 nearly sessile and entire, tlie lower narrowed into petioles, denticulate or ser- 

 rate; heads few; scales of the involucre strongly cillate, squarrose-spread- 

 ing, the exterior acutish ; achenia (large) nearly orbicular, very broadly 

 winged, narrowly cleft at the summit. — Ell.! sk. 2. ^j. 44G. 



/3. very hispid, at least when young; leaves occasionally alternate; the 

 uppermost sessile, the lower petioled ; heads often solitary. 



y. hispid and scabrous ; leaves oblong and lanceolate-ovate, opposite and 

 alternate, nearly all sessile ; heads somewhat panicled. — S. asperrimum, 

 Hook, compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 99. S. Radula, Nutt.! in trans. Amcr. 

 phil. soc. I. c. p. 341. 



Western districts of Georgia, Elliott ! and Alabama, Mr. BucMey ! /?. & 

 y. Louisiana, {Drummond,) Dr. Hale! Arkansas, Nuttall ! Texas, Drmn- 

 mo7id! Aug.-Sept. — Stem stout, 3-4 feet high. Leaves very rough; the 

 hairs, particularly of the upper surface, arising from broad papilla3. Heads 

 as large or larger than those of S. Asteriscus; the rays numerous. Mature 

 achenia half an inch long, the wing also proportionally broad, often with a 

 distinct callous tooth. — A distinct species, remarkable for its very rough 

 leaves and large rounded achenia, although variable in its foliage, and allied 

 to S. integrifolium. 



10. S. integrifolium {ISlithx.) : stem quadrangular and striate, scabrous; 

 leaves rigid, numerous, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, witii a subcordate sessile 

 and partly clasping base, tapering to an acute point, entire, or sparingly den- 

 ticulate, the upper surface and margins very scabrous, the lower closely sca- 

 brous-pubescent or often smooth ; heads in a close 2-3-chotomous corymb ; 

 the lateral peduncles short; scales of the involucre rigid, scabrous, somewhat 

 squarrose ; the exterior ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; achenia (large) 

 roundish oval or obovate, broadly winged, deeply emara;inate and 2-toothed. — 

 Michx.! fl. 2. p. 146; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2333; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 578; scarce- 

 ly of E/^io^ / 



/3. leeve : stem (striate-angled), lower surface of the leaves, and sometimes 

 even the peduncles and involucre smooth. — S. Ifcevigatum, Pursh, I. c.l S. 

 speciosum, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. I. c. 



Plains, &c. Wisconsin {Mr. Lapham!) Illinois! Missouri! and Arkansas! 

 to the Western districts of Georgia, ji. With var. a.\ and Plains of Arkan- 

 sas, Nuttall! Aug.-Sept. — Plant rigid, 2-4 feet high, simple or corym- 

 bosely branched and dichotomous. Leaves 3-4 inches long, sometimes a 

 little narrowed below, but usually broadest at or near the closely sessile base, 

 and tapering regularly to the apex. Heads as large as in S. Asteriscus; the 

 rays 15-20. Achenia 4-5 lines long. — The plant varies greatly as to rough- 

 ness in the same locality, and also when cultivated, the stem being sometimes 

 strongly scabrous, but not unfrefjuently perfectly smooth: the leaves are 

 usually very scabrous above and closely scabrous-pubescent beneath; but 

 occasionally the lower surface is rough like the upper, and often entirely 

 smooth. The species is well marked in habit. 



