Halea. composite. 305 



would probably be referred to the division GalinsogecE of the subtribe Hele- 

 niea3 ; but its true aflfinitv is undoubtedly with the present subtribe, and par- 

 ticularly with Tetrae;onolheca. It forms, however, a distinct and very re- 

 markable genus, which we have named in honor of one of ils discoverers, 

 Dr. Josiah Hale of Alexandria, Western Lousiana, a zealous botanist, who 

 has favored us with extensive collections and important observations, illustra- 

 tive of the botany of that region. 



Div. 2. E uHEiii ANTHE.*: . — Rays (neutral or imperfectly styliferous) 

 sterile, ligulate. Achenia often compressed, but never obcompressed. Pap- 

 pus coroniform, toothed, or of 1-4 awns, chaffy scales, or squamellEe, often 

 none. (Rudbeckiese & a part of Coreopsidea;, DC.) 



90. ECHINACEA. Mmnch, viclh. j). 591 ; Cuss. diet. ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 554. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers much elongated, in a single series, 

 somewhat styliferous but sterile ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales 

 of the involucre lanceolate, ciliate, often scjuarrose, imbricated in 3 or more 

 series. Receptacle conical ; the navicular lanceolate chaff terminated with 

 a cartilaginous cusp, exceeding the flowers of the disk. Corolla of the disk 

 cylindrical, with 5 erect teeth; the proper tube almost none; the stamens 

 therefore inserted at the very base of the corolla. Branches of the style ter- 

 minated with a long lanceolate hispid appendage. Achenia of the ray abor- 

 tive ; of the disk 4-sided, obpyramidal, thick. Pappus coroniform, unequally 

 toothed, marcescent or persistent. — Perennial (N. American & Mexican) 

 herbs ; with alternate, or rarely opposite, 3-5-nerved undivided leaves. 

 Stem or branches naked above and terminated by a single large head. Rays 

 purple, or sometimes nearly white, 2-3-toolhed at the apex, at length elon- 

 gated and dependent, marcescent or tardily deciduous : disk-flowers greenish 

 or dark purple ; the points of the chaff purplish. 



The propriety of separadng these plants from Rudbeckia was suggested by Gro- 

 novius, in 17G'2, and recently by Elliott, who was not aware of its establishment by 

 Moench in l7tH. — The long and thick blackish roots are very pungent to the taste, 

 and are employed in popular medicine, and for the cure of ulcers, in some parts of 

 the country, under the names of Lobelia, Black Sampson, (^c. — The disk in all the 

 species is at first flattish, but elevated and between globose and conical in fruit: the 

 marcescent rays also vaiy in length with age, as well as in color. 



1. E. purpurea (Moench) : stem smooth and glabrous, striate ; leaves 

 usually scabrous, often serrate; the radical ones ovate, about 5-nerved and 

 veiny, on long ))etioles ; the cauline ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 ing into a margined petiole, or the uppermost almost sessile ; scales of the 

 involucre ii)d)ricated in 3-5 series, squarrose. — Mosnch, I. c. ; DC! I. c. 

 Rudbeckia purjiurea, Liiin. ! spec. 2. p. 907 ; Bot. mas- t. 2 ; Schkuhr, 

 handb. L. 259,- Michx.! ft. 2. p. 143; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 573; Nutt. gen. 2. 

 p. 178 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 450 ; Bart.Jl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 64. Chrysanthemum 

 Americanum, &c., Catesb. Car. 2. t. 59. Helichroa Linnteana, elatior, 

 amcena, furcata, &c. Raf. neog. &,v. 



0. stem glabrous or slightly hispid near the suinmit; leaves hispid-sca- 

 brous, the upper ones sometimes opposite. 

 VOL. II. — 39 



