322 COMPOSITE. Helianthus. 



receptacle acutish ; achenia pubescent at the summit ; pappus of 2 squamel- 

 late lanceolate awns. — Linn. ! spec. 2. 'p. 906 ; Ait. ! Kew. {ed. 1) 3. p. 250 ; 

 Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 140 (in part only) ; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 414 ; not of Lam. ! of J>C. 

 ex cliar., nor of Hook. ! H. sparsifolius, Ell.! I. c. H. silphioides, Nutt.! 

 in trans. Amer. phil. soc. {n. ser.) 1 . p. 366. Corona-solis minor, &c., Dill. 

 Elth. t. 94, /. 110. 



Dry soil, Virginia ! to Florida ! Louisiana ! and Arkansas ! common. 

 Aug.-Oct. — A well-marked species, varying in size (from 1 to 4 feet) ; the 

 stem bearing 3-5 beads on naked slender peduncles, or several, terminating 

 the very loose paniculate-corymbose branches, clothed with long white hairs 

 towards the base, but often nearly glabrous above. Leaves rather thin, both 

 sides hirsute or hispid, veiny, sometimes nearly entire ; the lower 3 to 6 

 inches long, and 2 to 5 broad ; the upper small and in more distant pairs ; 

 the uppermost remote and sometimes alternate. Heads small; the 12-16 

 rays elongated, about an inch long. Involucre rather shorter than the convex 

 disk; the obtuse scales obscurely 3-nerved. Chaff of the receptacle purplisii 

 at the tips, entire, or slightly 3-lobed. Corolla of the disk dark-purple at the 

 summh, pubescent at the base of the limb. Pappus of 2 minutely fringed, 

 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate palese, rather than awns, one-half to two- 

 thirds the length of the corolla. Achenia glabrous, except the summit. 



11. H. rigid us (DesC.) : stem simple or sparingly branched, rough; cau- 

 line leaves opposite, very thick and rigid, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute or acuminate at each end, subsessile, obscurely serrate or entire, some- 

 what triplinerved, extremely hispid-scabrous on both sides ; the uppermost 

 sometimes alternate; the radical oval, obtuse, strongly triplinerved, petioled ; 

 scales of the involucre ovate, mostly obtuse, finely ciliate, numerous, closely 

 imbricated; chaff of the receptacle obtuse; achenia somewhat hairy; pap- 

 pus of 2 concave lanceolate scales, rather than awns, and frequently with 

 one or several intermediate small scales. — Desf. cat. Iiort. Par. ed. 3. p. 184. 

 H. atrorubens, Michx.! herb, in part; Hort. Berol. ! 1839; Bat. mag. 

 t. 2668 ; Hook. ! comjmn. to hot. mag. 1. p. 98 (var. foliis acutioribus). 

 H. scaberrimus. Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 423 ; DC. I. c. p. 588. H. crassifolius, 

 Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. I. c. Harpalium rigidum, Cass, in diet, 

 sci. nat. 20. p. 300 ,• DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 583. 



/3. branches or peduncles simple, elongated; scalesof the involucre ovate- 

 lanceolate or ovate, more acute. — H. diffusus, Sims, hot. mag. i..2020 (poor.) 

 H. Missuricus, "■ Spreng. p)ug. pi- 21 ;" Link. enum. 2. p. 352.'' H. Mis- 

 souriensis, Schivein. ! lierh. ; Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. I. c. H. atroru- 

 bens, Bot. reg. t. 508 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312; DC. prodr. I. c. 

 ex char. ; not of Linn. 



Plains and prairies, western part of Georgia, Elliott ! Illinois, Mr. Buck- 

 ley ! and St. Louis, Drummond! to the Upper Missouri, Nuttall! Mr. 

 Nicollet! Arkansas, Nuttall! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! and Texas, 

 Drummond! j3. Missouri, Nuttall! (spec, cult.) and Saskatchawan, Drum- 

 mond! Aug.-Sept. — Plant stout, 1-3 feet high, rather naked above ; the 

 rigid stem hispid with short papillose hairs, often smoothish above : the cori- 

 aceous thick leaves (cauline 3-5 inches long, an inch or less wide) very 

 rough with short bristles arising from papillas, which give the surface a cine- 

 reous hue, and often a whitish blistered appearance. Heads few, but showy ; 

 the disk about an inch in diameter; the 20-24 rays an inch long. Scales of 

 the involucre regularly and closely imbricated in 3-4 series. Receptacle 

 convex : the chaff entire, ciliate on the back towards the summit. Lobes of 

 the disk-corolla purple : style yellow. Achenia somewhat lenticular, hirsute 

 when young, but more smooth when mature, except the edges and summit. 

 The pappus is variable, even in different flowers from the same individual ; 

 consisting either of the two scale-like asvns without intermediate squamellas, 

 or of 1-4 of the latter on each side, or with the squaraellse confluent 



