Helianthus. composite. 325 



scabrous ; scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, hirsute-ciliate towards 

 the base ; pappus of 2 linear-lanceolnte chaffy awns or scales. — H. Califor- 

 niciis, Nutt.! in herb. acad. Pliilad. ^-c, not of DC. 



Plains of Lewis River, Nut t all ! — Stem apparently strict and simple. 

 Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, feather-veined, obscurely tripli- 

 nerved near the base, somewhat cinereous beneath ; the lower remotely and 

 slightly serrate. Heads nearly as large as in H. giganteus. Involucre 

 clothed with whitish hairs, or often smoolhish. The disk-corolla is 5-nerved, 

 or with intermediate nerves corresponding with the axis of 2 only of the la- 

 ciniae, but not reaching the apex. 



17. H. CaUfornicus (DC.) : stem tall, smooth, loosely paniculate ; upper 

 leaves ahernate, remote, elongated lanceolate, entire, attenuate at the base, 

 acuminate, slightly ciliate, both sides scabrous, triplinerved ; peduncles sca- 

 brous ; scales of the involucre linear-sublanceolate, a little longer than the 

 disk, squarrose-spreading, roughish-puberulent ; achenia glabrous, 2-awned. 

 DC! prodr.b.2}- 589." 



California, X>oi(^/a.s/ — We can add little to De Candolle's character, ex- 

 cept that the upper leaves (the lower not seen) are slightly petioled, obscure- 

 ly triplinerved near the base, 3-5 inches long, one-half to an inch wide : 

 heads larger than in H. giganteus ; the rigid scales of the involucre nearly 

 equal, not ciliate, very acute : pappus of 2 broadly-lanceolate somewhat 

 fringed scales, tapering into an awn-like point. 



18. H. Maximiliani (Schrad.): stem strigose-scabrous, branched ; leaves 

 alternate (those of the branches sometimes opposite), lanceolate, entire or 

 nearly so, tapering to each end, acuminate, very scabrous and often canes- 

 cent-strigose on both sides, the lower petioled ; scales of the involucre lanceo- 

 late-subulate, much attenuate, strigose-canescent ; pappus of 2 lanceolate 

 slightly fringed chaffy scales. — Schrad. ind. sem. hort. Gcett. 1835 ; DC. 

 prodr'. 1. p. 290. 



Prairies, Missouri, Prince Neu-iwed. (v. sp. cult.) Mr. Keating? in herh. 

 Schivein. ! Texas, Drumniond ! — A stout branching plant, bearing numer- 

 ous heads fully as large as those of H. giganteus; the leaves equally rough 

 on both sides ; the canescent and numerous much attenuated scales of the 

 involucre sometimes three-fourths of an inch long. In the wild specimens, 

 we sometimes observe two nerves near the axis of some of the laciniae of the 

 disk-corolla. 



19. H. giganteus (Linn.) : stem roughish-hirsute or scabrous ; leaves al- 

 ternate or scattered (the lowest ojjposite), lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, very 

 scabrous above, pilose-s(;abrous beneath, narrowed and ciliate at the base, 

 .subsessile; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute or 

 strongly villous-ciliate ; pappus of 2 short lanceolate-subulate (slightly 

 fringed) chaffy scales. — Linn.! spec. 2. p. 905 (excl. syn. Gronov.) ; Ait.! 

 Kew. [ed. 1 ) .3. p. 249 ; Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 2242 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 571 ; Ell. ! 

 sk. 2. p. 426 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 484 ; 

 DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 589. H. altissimus, {LiTin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1278.^) Jacq. 

 hort. Vindoh. 2. t. 162 ; IViUd. I. c. Fl. virgatus. Lam. diet. 3. p. 85. H. 

 gigas, Michx. fl. 2. p. 141/ Chrysanthemum Virginianum, Sec, Moris, 

 hist. 3. t. 7, /. 66 S^- 67 ; Pluk. aim. t. 159,/. 5. (Varies with the leaves 

 nearly all alternate, or sometimes irregularly ternately verticillate.) 



(3. ambiguus : leaves nearly all opposite and closely sessile, obtuse or 

 rounded at the base ! 



Thickets and borders of marshes, from Canada I and Saskatchawan ! to 

 Kentucky ! and the mountainous jiortion of the Southern States! /?. Copses, 

 near Brooklyn, Long Island ! Aug.-Oet. — Stem 3-10 feet high, branched 

 above, corymbose-paniculate at the summit, smooth or nearly so towards 

 the base. Leaves 2-5 inches long, half an inch to an inch broad, copiously 



