326 COMPOSITjE. Helianthus. 



feather-veined, and usually slightly triplinerved at the base. Rays 15-20, 

 pale yellow, an inch or more in length. — This is a common species in the 

 Northern States, and is very variable in the disposition of the leaves. The 

 var. i3. grows with, and apparent!}' passes into the ordinary state of the 

 plant; but it is remarkable for having the leaves not only opposite, but 

 broadest near the sessile base, much as in H. divaricatus. 



20. II. orosse-serraius (Martens) : stem smooth and glaucous; leaves al- 

 ternate, elongated lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, sharp- 

 ly (the lower coarsely) serrate, scabrous above, toinentose-canescent be- 

 neath, mostly obtuse at the base, all on slender naked petioles; peduncles 

 scabrous; scales of the involucre subidate-lanceolate, slightly ciliate ; pap- 

 pus of 2 lanceolate somewhat fringed cliafly scales. — Martens, set. sem. hort. 

 Lovan. 1839, Is^' in Linnfea, swpj^l. 14. ^j. 13-3. 



(i. leaves less canescent beneath, tapering into the petiole ; stem scabrous 

 towards the summit. 



y. leaves softly canescent beneath ; the low^ermost opposite ; the upper 

 (more or less serrate) mostly acute at the base, on shorter petioles; stem 

 smooth and glaucous. — H. giganteus. Hook.! compan. to hot. mag. I. p. 98. 



Dry plains &c. St. Louis, Missouri, Mr. Duerinck, {Martens) to West- 

 ern Louisiana, Dr. Hale.' and Texas (a. & /J.) Drummond! y. St. Louis, 

 Drummond ! Dr. Engelmann! and St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet.' to 

 Ohio, Mr. Leaf Dr. Paddock! Mr. Sullivant ! Aug.-Sept. — The leaves 

 in the Texan plant are 5-10 inches long, tapering regularly from near the 

 obtuse base to the acuminate apex, on petioles 1-3 inches in length, feather- 

 veined, or slightly triplinerved at the base, the very soft and close tomentose 

 pubescence of the lower surface turning brownish when old. Heads larger 

 than in H. giganteus : the pappus sometimes with intermediate squamellse. 

 It passes insensibly into var. 7., which closely approaches H. giganteus, but 

 differs in the very smooth stem, the soft hoary pubescence of the leaves, and 

 the slender petioles. — We have seen (in herb. Schiveinitz) a curious mon- 

 strous state of this species, with the disk-flowers either transformed into rays, 

 or into a 3-5-parted corolla, with very long linear (3-nerved) divisions ; and 

 with the anthers, and even the (commonly 3-cleft) style also changed into li- 

 near, 3-nerved, petaloid bodies. 



21. iJ. tomentosMS (Michx.) : stem stout, hirsute-pubescent; leases (am- 

 ple, thin,) alternate or rarely opposite, oval-lanceolate, or the lower ovate, 

 obscurely serrate, tapering to an acute point, contracted at the base, scabrous 

 above, softly pubescent-tomentose beneath ; the lowermost usually tripli- 

 nerved ; heads (large) on stout peduncles; scales of the involucre lanceolate, 

 much acuminate, elongated, squarrose, villous; chat!" of the receptacle 

 (3-toothed) and the corolla K^nentose or hairy at the summit ; pappus of 2 

 subulate (minutely fringed) awns. — Michx.! fl. 2. j}- 141 ; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 

 424 ; DC. prodr. 5. _p.^569. 



/3. heads larger; peduncle leafy at the summit ; involucre foliaceous (ap- 

 parently a monstrous state). — H. squarrosus, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. 

 sac. I. c. 



7. leaves opposite, oval, acuminate, more distinctly petioled ; scales of the 

 involucre less acuminate, not longer than the disk. — H. spathulatus, EU. ! 

 sk. 2. J). 421. (Leaves not in the slightest spatulate, all opposite in Mr. Elli- 

 ott's specimen ; in others frequently alternate.) 



Dry soil, Illinois, and the western portions of North Carolina! Georgia! 

 and Alabama ! /i. Columbus, Georgia! Aug.-Oct. — Stem 4-8 feet high. 

 Lower leaves often a foot long, 3-6 inches broad, often opposite; the upper 

 3-8 inches long, copiously feather-veined, sometimes triplinerved, but often 

 not at all so ; all contracted at the base into a sort of winged petiole. Invo- 

 lucre an inch or more in diameter ; the long taper-pointed scales hirsute or 



