328 COMPOSITE. Helianthus. 



tips. Rays an inch to an inch and a half long, often half an inch wide, 

 bright yellow. Pappus of 2, or sometimes 3, subulate chaffy awns, and fre- 

 quently with 2 or 3 small intermediate scales, all ciliate. — The var. fS. only 

 differs in the degree of the pubescence of the leaf, which is inconstant. — 

 This species is sometimes cultivated in Europe under the name of H. decape- 

 talus ; and a different plant appears to have been known as H.struniosus: but 

 if we mistake not, this is the H. strumosus of Miller, of the Kew garden, &c. 

 It is readily distinguished by the form of the leaves, their inconspicuous ser- 

 ratures, and the whitish lower surface. 



24. H. decapeialus (Linn.) : stem branching, smooth below, scabrous at 

 the summit; leaves opposite, or tliose of the branches alternate, thin, ovate, 

 acuminate, coarsely serrate, triplinerved, scabrous above, smooth or scabrous 

 beneath; the upper ovate-lanceolate; all abruptly contracted into usually 

 winged petioles ; scales of the involucre narrowly lanceolate-linear, loose, 

 squarrose-spreadi ng, ciliate, the exterior longer than the disk; rays 8-10 

 (rarely 13).— Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 905 ; Ait. ! Keiv. {ed. I) 3. p. 249 ; {Elt. 

 sk. 2. p. 425 ?) Hook. ! hot. 'mas;. I. 3510: DC. ! p)rodr. 5. p. 588. H. 

 strumosus & H. tenuifolius, Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 420. H. multiflorus (partly) & 

 H. frondosus, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312. H. frondosus, Darlirigt. ! Jl. 

 Cest. p. 483. 



■y. frondosus (Hook. hot. mag. 1. c.) : exterior scales of the involucre larger 

 and foliaceous, one or more of them often changed to leaves. — H. frondosus, 

 Linn. ! amain, acad. 4. ^;. 290, 6f sjjec. ed. 2. p. 1277. 



>• Banks of streams &c., Canada ! and Northern States ! to Kentucky ! and 

 the mountains of Georgia I Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2-5 feet high, usually pur- 

 plish. Leaves 3-6 inches long, 1-3 broad, obtuse at the base, coarsely ser- 

 rate or toothed, rather paler and often scabrous, but never pubescent beneath; 

 the upper surface scabrous with short often scattered hairs: they are very 

 thin when the plant grows in shade, and frequently perfectly smooth beneath. 

 Heads middle-sized, on slender terminal peduncles. Involucre very varia- 

 ble. Rays rather pale yellow, an inch to an inch and a half long, and one- 

 third of an inch wide. Pajipus of 2 subulate chafly awns. 



25. H. traclieliifolius (Willd.) : stem loosely branching, hairy or some- 

 what scabrous ; leaves opposite, or those of the branches alternate, thin, 

 ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, tripli- 

 nerved, scabrous or roughish-pubescent on both sides, contracted into short 

 petioles; scales of the involucre lanceolate-linear, attenuated, ciliate, very 

 loose, longer than the disk ; the exterior often produced into long subulate 

 squarrose-spreading appendages ; rays 12-15. — Willd. spec. 3. p. 2241, <^ 

 enum. p. 920 ,• Link, enum. 2. p. 332. 



Northern States ? to Ohio! and Indiana! Aug.-Sept. — What we take 

 for H. tracheliifolius, on the authority of a specimen gathered in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden, as well as from the original cliaracter, is a species with the 

 habit of H. decapetalus, but with narrower and more appressed serrate leaves, 

 not strongly triplinerved, mostly long and slender scales of the involucre, 

 which are often inclined to become fuliose, and pretty large pale yellow rays. 

 Link remarks that it is a more hairy plant than H. decapetakis, with smaller 

 flowers: but the stem is nearly glabrous in our cultivated and sonje of the 

 wild specimens (the heads as large as those of H. decapetalus), while others 

 are quite hirsute ; and the lower surface of the leaves is sometimes nearly or 

 quite smooth and glabrous. We are not sure that it has been described un- 

 der this name by any succeeding author. — The plant cultivated in the Ber- 

 lin Garden in 1839 as H. prostratus, (very probably the H. proslratus, Willd. 

 spec. &fc. but not Viguiera prostrata, DC.) appears to be a state of this spe- 

 cies, and is an erect plant. 



