366 COMPOSITE. Gaillardia. 



and sometimes perennial. Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves clothed with a 

 minute appressed pubescence ; the short hairs which fringe the margin in- 

 curved. Involucre often tinged with purple. Heads, including the rays, 

 about an inch in diameter. Rays 8-10, small and distant, cuneiform, nar- 

 rowed at the base, deeply 3-cleft, yellow throughout, or pale violet beneath 

 or at the base, the nerves often violet. Corolla of the disk, as in the other 

 species, either violet-purple or yellow, at length turning violet at the summit. 

 Receptacle nearly or quite naked, by which the species (the only one in the 

 Atlantic Southern States) may always be distinguished. — We have received 

 the rayless and nearly rayless states from Alabama {Mr. Buckley .') and 

 Florida (Dr. Leavemcorth !), and have seen it in the herbarium of De Can- 

 doUe. It is also mentioned by Michaux. 



2. G. aristata (Pursh) : perennial, villous-pubescent or almost tomentose; 

 stems simple or branched ; radical and lower leaves lanceolate, tapering into 

 slender petioles, sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed (the lobes or teeth 2-4 on each, 

 side) ; the uppermost linear or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, usually dilated at 

 the base and partly clasping; involucre very hirsute and callous at the base, 

 equalling or exceeding the disk ; corolla of the disk with short broadly subu- 

 late teet'h ; chaff of the pappus (6-8) broadly lanceolate ; fimbrilte of the 

 receptacle few, aristiform, slender, distinct and not dilated at the base, twice 

 or thrice the length of the achenia. — Pursh, fl. 2. p. 573 ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 

 1186; Hook. hot. mag. t. 2940, S; fl. Bar. -Am.! 1. j^. 315 ; DC. ! prodr. 

 5. p. 652 ; Gay! in ann. sci. nat. I. c. p. 57. G. bicolor, Sims, hot. mag. 

 t. 1062 (fide Gay); Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. I. c. fexcl. syn.) G. bicolor ,8. 

 aristata, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 175. G. rustica, Cass. ; Desf. cat. hort. Par. ed. 

 3, fide Gay. G. lanceolata, DC. I. c. (excl. syn. Mickx. & Ell.), fide Gay. 



Plains and prairies, Missouri! and Saskatchawan ! to Oregon! — Plant 

 12-18 inches high ; the stems frequently simple. Head li-2 inches in di- 

 ameter. Rays 10-18, crowded, elongated-cuneiform, deep yellow through- 

 out, or sometimes orange or reddish violet at the very base. Achenia scarcely 

 hairy except at the base. — This species presents several forms, which per- 

 haps cannot be limited or defined. That which best accords with Pursh's 

 description (G. aristata. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am., partly,) has all the upper 

 leaves entire, and the exterior scales of the involucre much longer than the 

 disk : another (G. aristata. Hook. Oregon, Dr. Scolder !) has a shorter and 

 more woolly involucre; while in the G. bicolor. Hook. I. c, nearly all the 

 lower leaves are frequently sinuate or pinnatifid. Gay's description is ex- 

 cellent, except that we never find the setiform fimbrillse of the receptacle 

 " nearly as long as the corolla," but sometimes about two-thirds its length : 

 they are few and sparse, so as not to circumscribe the areoleae, and are 

 somewhat deciduous. 



3. G. pinnatifida (Torr.) : perennial, canescent ; stem low, branching ; 

 leaves sessile, pinnatifid ; the rachis and remote lobes linear ; involucre in 

 about 2 series, nearly equal to the disk; chaff of the pappus (7-10) lance- 

 olate, rather shorter than the obtusely 5-toothed corolla ; fimbrillse of the re- 

 ceptacle aristiform, slender, sparse, not dilated at the base, longer than the 

 achenia. — Torr. ! in ami. lye. New York, 2. j?. 2l4. 



Western Arkansas or Missouri, (on the Canadian River?) Dr. James ! — 

 Plant about a span high, perhaps suffruticose, leafy. Heads rather small. 

 Rays deeply 3-cleft, "*' purple towards the base, yellow at the summit." 

 The aristate portion of the pappus much shorter than the elongated-lance- 

 olate chaff. 



4. G. pulchella (Fougeroux) : annual, puberulent or slightly hirsute, 

 branching; leaves lanceolate; the lower ones tapering at the base and slight- 

 ly petioled, somewhat toothed (rarely incised or pinnately lobed) ; the 

 upper entire, partly clasping, apiculate-acuminate; involucre very hirsute 



