384 COMPOSITE. Helenium. 



the teeth very short and obtuse, glandular-bearded. Branches of the style 

 slightly dilated and obtuse at the apex. Achenia obovate-turbinate, striate 

 or ribbed, villous on the ribs. Pappus of 5-8 membranous apiculate or 

 awned somewhat 1 -nerved scales. — Erect branching (North American and 

 Mexican) herbs; with alternate minutely punctate leaves, decurrenl on the 

 striate-angled stem and branches. Heads terminating the branches. Flow- 

 ers yellow, or the rays (minutely pubescent beneath) rarely purplish-brown 

 towards the base, and the corolla of the disk often brownish or purplish at 

 the summit, sprinkled with bitter resinous globules. 



§ 1. Receptacle convex or globose: corolla of the dish mostly b-tooihed. — 

 Helenia, Linn., Gcertn. 



1. H. autumnale (Linn.): glabrous or minutely pubescent; leaves lanceo- 

 late, serrate, or the uppermost entire ; acute, strongly decurrent ; scales of the 

 involucre linear-subulate ; rays fiat, 3-5-cleft at the apex, longer than the 

 globose disk ; scales of the pappus ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat lace- 

 rate, acuiniuate-awned, about one-third or one-fourth the length of the corolla. 

 —Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 866 ,- Michx.! fl. 2. p. 1.33 ; Lam. ill. t. 688 ; Schkuhr, 

 handb. t. 250 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 560 ; -Ell. sk. 2. p. 316 ; Bart. fl. Amer. 

 Sept. t. 26 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 487 ,• Hook. bot. mag. t. 2994. cV fl. 

 Bor.-Am. 1. p. 317; DC. ! prcdr. b. p. 666. H. pubescens, Ait. Kew. 

 {ed. 1) 3. p. 287. 



(3. grandiflorum : scales of the pappus narrower and more awned, one- 

 third to two-thirds the length of the corolla (rays not tubular). — H. autum- 

 nale, Hbo^-. .' I.e., partly^ H, grandiflorum, A'w^i. .' in trans. Amer. phil. 

 soc. {n. ser.) 7. p. 384. H. montanum, Nutt.! I. c. 



y. tubiiUflorum : scales of the pappus lanceolate, acuminate-awned, half 

 the length of the corolla ; rays tubulose, unequally 5-cleft. — H. tubuliflorum, 

 DC. ! I. c. — Probably an accidental state of var. (i. ; as some of the rays are 

 flat and not at all tubular in an authentic specimen. 



6. canaliculatum : scales of the pappus ovate, either acutish, acuminate, or 

 slightly awned, about one-fourth the length of the corolla : rays concave- 

 canaliculate or 3-sulcate. — H. canaliculatum. Lam. in jour. hist. nat. 2. p. 

 213, t. 3b? 



In wet or alluvial soil, nearly throughout North America, from Florida 

 and Georgia ! to Hudson's Bay ! Subarctic America ! and west to Oregon ! 

 Aug.-Oct. — If Stem 1-3 feet high, loosely corymbose-paniculate at the 

 summit. Leaves &c. bitter, as in all the species of the genus. Rays droop- 

 ing. Disk one-third to two-thirds of an inch in diameter, greenish-yellow. 

 Achenia hairy or villous on the angles. — Some of our varieties are possibly 

 species ; but they accord in every thing but the pappus, which also presents 

 every intermediate gradation. The var. [3. is the only state we have seen 

 from Oregon, Saskatchawan, &c. : but a state with a nearly similar pappus is 

 common in New York ; while other specimens, otherwise undistinguishable, 

 present a reduced and merely acute pappus. — Sneeze-iceed. 



2. H. parnifloruni (Nutt.): glabrous; stem much branched, slightly an- 

 gular ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, here and there subserrulate, 

 scarcely decurrent; scales of the involucre filiform, shorter than the globose 

 disk; rays flat 3-toolhed, narrow; achenia rather smooth; pappus awned, 

 half the length of the corolla; heads scattered, solitary or in pairs. Nutt. I 

 in trans. Amer. j^hil. soc. I. c. 



" Georgia. — A very distinct and well-marked species, scarcely at all bitter 

 to the taste. Flowers scattered, not fastigiate, scarcely half the size of those 



