432 COMPOSITE. Filago. 



160. FILAGO. Tourn. inst. t. 259; Geertn.fr. t. 166 ; DC. I. c. p. 247. 



Heads many-flowered, heterogamous; the central flowers tubular, 4-5- 

 toothed, perfect, but often infertile ; the others pistillate, filiform. Scales 

 of the involucre few, mostly woolly. Receptacle columnar or turbinate, 

 naked at the summit, where it bears the perfect and a portion of the pistillate 

 flowers, chaffy at the margin or base ; the scarious chaff resembling the pro- 

 per scales of the involucre, each bearing in its axil a pistillate flower. Ache- 

 nia nearly terete, smooth or minutely papillose. Pappus of the central 

 flowers capillary ; of the exterior caducous or none. — Annual tomentose herbs, 

 usually branched ; with alternate entire leaves, and small mostly glomerate 

 or fascicled heads. 



1. F. Germanica (Linn.) : woolly-tomentose ; stem dichotomous, the 

 upper branches arising from the capitate sessile glomerules; leaves lanceo- 

 late, acute, erect, crowded; heads pyramidal; involucral scales and chaff^ 

 cuspidate, the exterior woolly ; the exterior pistillate flowers in several 

 series, destitute of pappus. — Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1311 ; DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 

 247. F. vulgaris. Lam. Gnaphalium Germanicum, Linn. spec. {ed. 1) 2. 

 p. 857 ,- Fl. ban. p. 997 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 526 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 493. 

 Gifola vulgaris, Cass, in diet. sci. nat. Impia Germanica, Bluff Sf Fing. 



fl. Germ. 2. p. 342. 



Old fields and roadsides. New York ! to Virginia ! introduced from Europe. 

 July-Oct. — A span high. Heads aggregated in globose capitate clusters. — 

 Herha Impia. Cudweed. 



2. F. Californica (Nutt.) : arachnoid-tomentose, paniculately branched 

 from the base ; leaves linear, spreading, mucronulate, the lower spatulate- 

 linear ; heads ovoid, in small capitate clusters ; involucral scales and chaff 

 all obtuse ; the exterior strongly boat-shaped and very woolly ; the 

 innermost nearly glabrous ; pappus of the exterior pistillate flowers none, 

 of the central somewhat copious. — Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. {n. ser.) 

 7. j7. 405. 



/3. tomentosa (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : leaves and glomerules more crowded ; chaff 

 somewhat purplish. 



St. Barbara, California, Nuttall! — A span high. Heads larger and more 

 glomerate than in F. minima (F. montana, DC), but smaller than in F. 

 arvensis. Achenia papillose-scabrous. 



3. F. parvula : canescently woolly ; stem erect, simple, or slightly 

 branched at the summit ; leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate ; heads ovate- 

 conical, acute, somewhat clustered ; involucral scales and chaff ovate, acutish ; 

 the exterior boat-shaped and very woolly ; the innermost scarious, oblong, 

 obtuse, nearly glabrous (yellowish) ; pappus of the exterior pistillate flowers 

 none; of the central rather copious. — Gnaphalium? filaginoides, iibo^. (^ 

 Arn. hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 359 ; Nutt. ! l.jc. p. 404. 



California, Douglas, Nuttall ! — Stem slender, 4-6 inches high. Leaves 

 small, tipped with a blackish conspicuous acuminate-cuspidate point ; the 

 uppermost linear-oblong and merely mucronulate. Achenia glandular- 

 puberulent. Pappus scabrous — Although overlooked by the authors who 

 have hitherto noticed this plant, pistillate flowers certainly exist in 

 the axils of all the chaffy scales ; and the species is closely allied to the 

 preceding. 



