436 COMPOSITE. Cacalia. 



6. C. tulerosa {Nun.): stem sulcate-angled ; leaves green on both sides, 

 strongly 5-7-nerved ; the radical and lower cauline lanceolate-ovate or oval, 

 obtuse or acutish, entire or repand-denticulate, tapering into very long pe- 

 tioles; the upper ovate or cuneate-oblong, usually toothed towards the apex, 

 on short margined petioles ; corymb compound, fastigiate. — Nutt. ! gen, 2. 

 p. 138; DC. I. c. C. paniculata, Raf. ann. nat. p. 15. C. pteranthes, 



Raf. I. c. ? 



Marshes and wet prairies, Ohio! Michigan! Illinois! and Upper Mis- 

 souri! to Arkansas! Louisiana! "Western Alabama! and Florida! May- 



jyly. " Root a round tuber, similar to a small turnip," Nuitall, &c. 



(but some other botanists have not met with the tubers.) Stem 2-6 feet high. 

 Leaves thickish, not at all glaucous; the radical resembling those of the 

 common Plantain; the largest rarely subcordate: the upper either entire, or 

 obtusely toothed, or even incised. Scales of the involucre oblong-linear, ob- 

 tuse. Receptacle pointed with a short subulate appendage. 



7. C. lanceolata (Nutt.) : stem terete, virgate, slender, somewhat glaucous; 

 leaves glaucescent, 3- (sometimes 5-) nerved, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 acute, entire, or very sparingly and sharply toothed ; the radical and lower 

 tapering into slender petioles ; the uppermost sessile ; corymb loose. — Nutt. .' 

 gen. 2. p. 138; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 311 ; DC. I. c. 



Wet places, Georgia! to Florida and Louisiana! — Stem 2-3 feet high. 

 Leaves thickish, 3-6 inches long, 3-10 lines wide; the cauline often with 

 one or two sharp spreading teeth on each side. Scales of the involucre linear, 

 acutish or acute. Receptacle with a central scale-like appendage. 



C. i^igaMea (Hort. Vindob.), Schauer in Linncca, 16, suppl. p. 216 (1842), raised 

 from ^eeds received from New Orleans, so far as the description extends, does not 

 differ from C. atriplicifolia. 



163. SENECIO. Linn.; Less. syn. p. 391 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 340. 



Heads many-flowered, either discoid with the flowers all tubular and per- 

 fect, or radiate ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the involucre in a single series, 

 or calyculate with a few accessory scales. Receptacle not chaffy, naked or 

 alveolate. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers truncate, the apex only 

 minutely penicillate. Achenia not rostrate or winged, often grooved or ribbed. 

 Pappus of numerous very slender capillary bristles. — Herbs or shrubs (occur- 

 ring in almost every part of the world) ; with alternate leaves, and solitary, 

 paniculate, or corymbose heads. Flowers for the most part yellow. 



In many species of this vast genus (especially in S. coronopus, S. spartioides, S. 

 ampullaceus, and S. filifolius,) the short hairs or papillae of the achenia open at the 

 apex when moistened, and emit spiral threads of considerable size, which may be 

 distinctly observed with a simple lens of low power. 



* Annual : rays none. 



1. S. vulgaris (Linn.) : somewhat woolly or nearly glabrous ; leaves pin- 

 natifid and toothed, clasping; the lowest tapering into petioles; heads corym- 

 bose, nodding, discoid; the calyculate scales (about 10) appressed, much 

 shorter than the proper scales of the involucre ; achenia puberulent. — Linn, 

 spec. 2. p. 867 ; Fl. Dan. t. 513 ; Engl. hot. t. 747; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 528 ; 

 Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 331 ; DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 341. 



Waste and cultivated grounds in the Northern States ! introduced from 



