CmsiuM. C0MP0S1T.E. 459 



clothed beneath like the stem with a white and floccose somewhat deciduous 

 wool, more or less decurrenl; the lowest narrowed at the base into a kind of 

 petiole ; scales of the ovoid involucre appressed, somewhat arachnoid when 

 young, glandular-carinate towards the apex ; the exterior ovate and lanceo- 

 late, cuspidate-mucronate ; the innermost elongated, linear-lanceolate, subu- 

 late-acuminate. — Cnicus Virginianus, Hook. ! in compan. to hot. mag. 1. 

 p. 48, not of authors. 



Pine woods ? Georgm, Le Conte! Covington, Louisiana, Drummond!— 

 IS 1 Stem about 2 feet high, perfectly simple. Lower leaves 6-8 inches 

 long, half an inch wide, irregularly beset with spinose teeth ; the margin not 

 revolute. Heads much larger than in C. Virginianum, and nearly or quite 

 equal to C. muticum : exterior scales of the involucre very short, the inner 

 an inch or more in length, very slender; the short points straight. Flowers 

 ochroleucous ? 



10. C.repandum. (Michx.) : arachnoid-woolly when young; stem low, 

 simple, very leafy to the summit, bearing one or two heads ; leaves crowded, 

 oblong-linear, clasping, the margins undulate or repand-sinuate, thickly be- 

 set with small prickles; exterior scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate and 

 somewhat awned ; the inner elongated and attenuate-acuminate ; flowers 

 purple. — Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 89; DC. pradr. 6. p. 651. Carduus repandus, 

 Pers. si/n. 2. p. 386. C. Virginianus, Walt. Car. p. 195.^ Cnicus repan- 

 dus, EU. sk. 2. p. 269. 



Dry pine barrens, &c.. North Carolina! to Georgia! June-July. — U 1 

 Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves 2-4 inches long, scarcely half an inch wide ; 

 the lowest tapering at the base. Heads middle-sized. Filaments slightly 

 hairy towards the base. 



11. C. Drummondii : dwarf, subcaulescent, sparsely hairy; stem (2-5 

 inches high) shorter than the leaves, bearing 1-3 large heads ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, pinnatifid, green on both sides, ciliate-spinulose, the somewhat incised 

 lobes spinose ; scales of the subglobose naked involucre ovate and ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, appressed ; the exterior mucronate or slightly spinose, 

 the innermost with scarious and erose somewhat dilated tips ; pappus of the 

 marginal flowers slightly plumose near the base, or only denticulate! (flowers 

 red).— Carduus pumilus. Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 302, excl. syn. 



Banks of the Saskatehawan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Drum- 

 mond ! — Heads rather smaller than those of C. pumilum ; the scales of the 

 involucre broader, smoother, and almost unarmed. Leaves chiefly radical, 

 sparsely pubescent on both sides. 



12. C. pumilum (Spreng.) : stem low, stout, striate, hairy or villous, bear- 

 ing 1-3 very large heads; leaves lanceolate-oblong, partly clasping, green 

 on both sides, more or less villous, especially on the midrib beneath, pinnati- 

 fid, with spinulose margins; the segments short, incised or lobed, very 

 spinose; involucre ovoid-globose, 1-5-bracteate ; the exterior scales ovate- 

 lanceolate, appressed, acuminate and tipped with a short spine; the inner- 

 most lanceolate-linear, with acuminate scarious tips; flowers reddish-purple. 

 —DC. prodr. 6. p. 651. Carduus odoratus, Muhl. cat. p. 70 ; Darlinsi.! 

 fl. Cest. ed. 1. p. 85. C. pumilus (& var. Hystrix), Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 130 ; 



Dariingt.! fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 437. Cnicus pumilus, Torr.! compend. 

 p. 282 ; Bisel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 292. 



Dry fields and borders of swamps, Massachusetts to New York near tlie 

 coast"! New Jersey ! and Pennsylvania ! July.— (2) Stem 1-2 (rarely .3-4) feet 

 high. Heads usually larg.^r than in any other N. American species, often 

 somewhat involucrate with a few spinose bracts. Involucre somewhat 

 arachnoid. Corolla about 2 inches long. Flowers fragrant, sometimes pure 



