476 COMPOSITES. HiERAciUM. 



& macrophyllum, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 504. H. Kalmii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 

 646; Bigel. .' fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 288; Torr.! compend.; not of Linn., Sec. 

 H. Canadense? hirsutum? (but these are described from garden speci- 

 mens, which probably belong to H. Sabaudum or H. sylvestre,) helianthi- 

 folium, & Sabaudum [3. Canadense, Fral. in DC. prodr. — Varies as to 

 pubescence, the size and breadth of the leaves, &c. ; and distinguishable, 

 but not definitely so, into the two following forms; the first or Northern 

 state nearly approaching the European ; H. umbellatura the second, H. syl- 

 vestre, Sabaudum, &c. 



a. angustifolium : leaves varying from narrowly to broadly lanceolate. — 

 H. umbellatum, Richards, appx. FranM. journ. ed. 2. p. 29 ; Hook. ! fl. 

 Bor.-Am. 1. p. 300, excl. syn. H. Canadense /3. scabruum, Schweinitz ! in 

 Long^s 2nd exped. appx. H. scabriusculum, Sclnveinitz! I.e. H. ma- 

 cranthum. Null, in trans. Amer. pJiil. soc. {n. ser.) 7. p. 446. 



(3. lalifolium : leaves varying from oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate ; 

 the upper frequently somewhat cordate at the base. — H. macrophyllum, 

 Pursh, I. c. H. prenanthoides. Hook, ! I. c, excl. syn. 



Dry soil in open places, from Massachusetts ! and Western New York ! to 

 Canada! Lake Superior! &c. (chiefly var. 13.); extending (var. a.) north to 

 lat. 66° on Mackenzie River, Richardson! Drummond! and west to Oregon, 

 Nuttall ! July-Aug. — Stem 1-2 feet high, stout, either slightly pubescent, 

 or glabrous below and scabrous-puberulent above, the peduncles downy ; or 

 else hirsute, with the downy peduncles sparsely hispid with brownish bris- 

 tles : the close downy pubescence stellate ; the bristly hairs denticulate- 

 scabrous under a lens. Heads pretty large : the involucre either glabrous, 

 slightly pubescent, or sometimes sparingly beset with bristly and somewhat 

 glandular hairs. Leaves thickish and roughish when the plant grows in 

 exposed situations, rather thin and smooth when in shade. 



§ 2. Involucre cylindrical ; the inner scales in a single series ; the others few 

 and short, calyculate: achcnia columnar or fusiform ! {heads small, 20-30- 

 flowered : bristly hairs tvhen present scabrous-serrate or denticulate under 

 a lens.) — Stenotheca, Mounier. (Stenotheca & species of Hieracium, 

 Monnier. Species of Aracium, Neck. ? Less.) 



* Natives of Eastern Narth America. 



5. H. scabrum (Michx.) : stem rather stout, leafy, scabrous, hirsute or 

 hispid below ; the flexuous panicle simple or compound, at first racemose, 

 but at length somewhat fastigiate-corymbose ; leaves obovate, oval, or spatu- 

 late-oblong, often denticulate, mucronate, hirsute ; the upper closely sessile ; 

 the thickish peduncles, with the rachis and the base of the somewhat cam- 

 panulate many- (40-50-) flowered involucre cinereous-tomentose and densely 

 glandular-hispid; achenia columnar, not attenuated at the summit! — 

 Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 86 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 504 ; Monnier, I. c. p. 31 ; 

 Frcel.! in DC. I. c. H. Marianum, Willd. I. c. (herb. !) in part ; Ell. I. c. ; 

 Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 288 (at least in part). H. Gronovii /?. Hook.! fl. 

 Bor.-Am. I. c. 



Borders of woods, &c., from Northern Canada ! to Missouri ! Kentucky ! 

 and the upper part of Georgia ! common in the Northern States ! — Aug.- 

 Sept. — Stem 1-3 feet high, rough. Upper surface of the leaves hispid or 

 hirsute with scattered bristly hairs, arising from a brownish dilated base. 

 Heads larger than in H. Gronovii, and with more numerous flowers than 

 any other species of this section. The whole panicle is remarkably stiff 

 (the short peduncles divaricate), and thickly beset with brownish glandu- 

 liferous hairs, as well as with a close tomentum. 



