PYRRHOFAPfUS. COMPOSITE. 495 



196. PYRRHOPAPPUS. DC. prodr. 7. p. 144. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of numerous linear- 

 subulate mostly loose and spreading scales ; the interior of numerous erect 

 linear scales, in a single series, often somewhat corniculate near the apex, 

 their margins usually more or less united. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia 

 oblong, somewhat terete, 5-sulcate, minutely scabrous, muricate, or rugu- 

 lose ; the apex at length produced into a long beak. Pappus of copious and 

 very soft capillary (scarcely scabrous) bristles, either reddish or fulvous. — 

 Perennial ? or perhaps mostly annual or biennial nearly glabrous herbs (na- 

 tives of the Southern United States and Mexico, except a doubtful Cape spe- 

 cies) ; with oblong or lanceolate often pinnatifid or laciniate leaves; the 

 simple or branching stems naked at the summit and bearing rather large 

 heads. Flowers deep yellow. 



1. P. Carollnianus (DC! I.e.) : stem simple or mostly branched above; 

 earliest radical leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, sinuate-toothed or nearly en- 

 tire; the others lanceolate, acute, mostly laciniate or pinnatifid; scales of 

 the inner involucre somewhat corniculate near the apex, slightly caulescent, 

 like the apex of the peduncle, with a minute furfuraceous pubescence; ache- 

 nia minutely rugulose transversely when mature, much shorter than the 

 filiform beak, which is furnished with a villous ring immediately at the base 

 of the fulvous or at length reddish pappus. — Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. 

 soc. I. c. p. 430 {3. maximus). Leontodon Carolinianum, Walt. Car. 

 p. 192. Scorzonera pinnatifida, Michx. ! ji. 2. p. 89. Chondrilla Ifevisata, 

 Pursh, fl. 2. p. 497. Borkhausia Caroliniana, Nutt. gen. 2. f. 126 ; Ell.! 

 sk. 2. p. 251 ,• HooJc. ! in compan. to hot. wag. 1. p. 100. (o. S( j3.) 



Fields, &c., Maryland ! and Virginia ! to Louisiana ! and Arkansas ! 

 common. March-July. — ® or 2| ? Stem often scapifortn, with only one 

 or two partly clasping leaves, sometimes a little pubescent at the base. 

 Flowers showy. — De Candolle, describing from immature specimens, states 

 that the acheniuni has a short beak ; but when mature it is remarkably long, 

 as described by Elliott. 



2. P. grancliflorits (Nutt.) : scape simple, naked, much longer than the 

 deeply ])innatifid and ciiiate radical leaves, bearing a single head ; involucre 

 slightly canescent; pappus fulvous, furnished with a villous ring at the base. 

 — Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. I.e. P. scaposus, DC. I.e.? Bork- 

 hausia grandiflora, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 69. 



Borders of shaded ravines, &c., Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! May. — Root 

 slender, apparently annual. Earlier radical leaves runcinate-toothed or sub- 

 pinnatifid; the succeeding larger (4-6 inches long) deeply pinnatifid, with 

 the lobes linear-oblong, sparingly angulate-toothed, divaricate or spreading. 

 Scape a foot high, with a single small bract in the middle. Head larger 

 than in the preceding ; the flowers golden yellow. Achenia not seen. 

 Ovary with a short beak. 



197. LACTUCA. Tourn. inst. t. 267 ; Linn. ; Gfertn.fr. t. 158 ; DC. I. c. 



Heads several-few-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical calyculate-imbri- 

 cated involucre in 2-4 series ; the exterior shorter. Receptacle naked. 



