INTRODUCTION. 



All plants are supposed to be reproduced by seed; 

 Linnaeus, therefore, chose the parts necessary to that 

 end as the basis of his artificial system of Botanical 

 arrangement. By the flower and fruit, or parts of 

 fructification, the species of each plant may be renewed 

 for ever j all other modes of propagation, as by buds, 

 grafts, or layers, seem to be only the extension of an 

 individual, and sooner or later have their termination. 



Linnaeus distinguishes seven parts of fructification, 

 which may be enumerated in the following order. 



Calyx, or flower-cup, as seen in the green tubu- 

 lar part in the Clove-pink (Class X. a, a); this part in 

 different flowers is various in shape and structured In 

 some instances it is permanent till the seed is ripe, as 

 in the Dead Nettle 3 in others it falls before the flower 

 is well expanded, as in the Poppy 5 and some flowers 

 appear to be wholly without it, as the Lily. The next 

 part is called by botanists the Corolla, which in 

 some plants is also wanting, as in the Pepper; it is 



a The colour of the Calyx is usually green ; nevertheless in 

 some plants it is ot other colours, as in the flowering Pome- 

 granate it is scarlet, and in the elegant Fusia it is a bright 

 crimson. 



