18 



of sheep and goats, were used to write upon by the 

 ancient lonians some hundred years before this time, 

 according to Herodotus ; but it would seem that Eu- 

 menes invented a new mode of preparing them. 



Paper made from the Papyrus was principally ma- 

 nufactured at Alexandria, from the exportation of 

 which the city was greatly enriched 5 and in the time 

 of the Emperor Adrian, Vospiscus speaks of one Fer- 

 mies, who boasted that he could maintain an army 

 with the value of his stock of paper. 



When this paper became to be disused is not 

 known with more accuracy than its commencement ; 

 and the truth is, probably, that they were both so gra- 

 dual, that no fixed point of time existed for either. As 

 late as the end of the fifth century it was in general 

 use in Europe ; and in Italy it was occasionally used 

 till the eleventh, and in France till the twelfth cen- 

 tury, 3 when paper made of cotton entirely superseded 

 it. Afterwards paper made from linen was adopted, 

 of which there is reason to believe none was entirely 

 made of that material before the year 1367. 



From Papyrus, paper is derived; and from the 

 ancient custom of writing on the leaves of trees, our 

 book is said to be composed of leaves. Liber is the 

 inner bark of a tree, on which the ancients were also 

 used to write; and •volumen was the manuscript rolled 

 up; hence our words library and volume. 



» The Bulls of the Popes, Sergius II. John XIII. and Agra- 

 patus II. were written in the eighth and ninth centuries on cot- 

 ton paper 



