Cattle Feeding Stuffs 345 



in the lower intestines — the mechanical stoppage hav- rally used for adulterating linseed cake. It is a green- 

 ing caused inflammation of the whole intestinal canal, ish grey-coloured cake, has a pleasant taste and 

 Where the whole seed cake is given to animals, it smell. It is very nutritive when sweet. It is very 

 should be accompanied with succulent food. It is liable to mould, when it becomes injurious to stock 

 seldom advisable to give more than 3 or 4 lb. per which consume it. Linseed cake often contains as 

 head per day. Sometimes it is given to sheep at the much as 20 per cent, of this cake, 

 rate of _J^ lb. per head per day, along with % lb. of Palm-nut cake is one of the latest introductions in 

 linseed cake ; we have found this mixture useful, feeding materials. It is the residue after extracting 

 The best decorticated cotton cake has a light-yellow the oil of the palm nut. The cakes are of a light 

 colour, and is free from any well defined smell or stone colour. It is a good wholesome feeding 

 taste. It shews here and there a few cotton material, suitable for all kinds of stock, more particu- 

 threads ; but contains very little of the dark-coloured larly dairy cattle. The following is an analysis of this 

 seed shells. Mixed with water, in a roughly cake : — 

 powdered state, it does not become gelatinous Per cent. 



like linseed, nor does it develope any pungent smell Water 12.91 



under this treatment like rape-cake. Cattle take at Oil 9.48 



once to this cake, and eat it much more readily than Protein compounds i8-35 



rape-cake. Several other oil-cakes are manufactured. Sugar, gum, &c 39-o6 



but as they are only sparingly used in agi-iculture, we Woody fibre 16.90 



shall refer to them very briefly. Amongst the most im- Ash 3. 30 



portant of these cakes we have poppy cake, palm-nut 



kernel cake, hemp cake, mustard cake, earth-nut 100.00 



cake, dodder cake, &c. 



/'c//^' (-(7/v is seldom offered to farmers ; it is gene- Containing nitrogen 2.92 



TREACLE FOR USE IN STOCK FEEDING. 



MR ALEXANDER JEMMETT, Murrell Hill 

 Farm, Binfield Bucks, gives his experience on 

 this subject, as follows, in the Agricultural Gazette: 

 — As a W^est Indian, and for many years engaged on 

 sugar and coco-producing properties, perhaps I may 

 be permitted to add my mite on the above subject. 

 Molasses is largely used on every sugar estate in feed- 

 ing of stock. Three gallons to about 40 gallons of 

 water, with about a quart of salt, makes a very 

 nourishing drink for the mules and working oxen in 

 hot weather, and is generally given twice, sometimes 

 three times a day — morning, noon, and night. When 

 extra work is required to be done, as in crop time, or 

 when canning produce to the shipping bays, from 2 

 to 3 gallons of crushed linseed cake is added about 

 an hour before use, keeping it stirred while the mule 

 or ox is drinking. An old sugar boiler is generally 

 used for the purpose. Four gallons of molasses, 4 

 gallons of crushed cake or ground linseed, i >^ quart 

 of salt to 40 gallons of water, would make a good 

 mixture for horses, cattle, or sheep ; a pint to a quart 

 over a bushel or more of chopped straw ; this, I 

 believe, few animals will refuse ; an extra quantity of 

 cake or other meal may be added, according to the 

 object in view, fattening or otherwise. On a sugar 

 plantation it is managed thus : — In cattle or 



mule sheds are long troughs ; the cane tops are cut, 

 sometimes by machinery, mostly by hand, into lengths 

 varying from ^^ to l^ inch, commonly known 

 then as chop-chop ; the troughs are two-thirds filled, 

 the quantity above stated is sprinkled and mixed in 

 readiness for the animals, regularly coming in for their 

 noon-day feed — the same at night. When the crop 

 season is over, Gumea grass is principally used ; this 

 not being so bulky as the cane-top, is cut into longer 

 lengths, say from 4 to 8 inches, placed in the said 

 troughs, the mixture being sprinkled on and well 

 stirred in, as before stated. I can see no reason why 

 English straw should not be used in the same way, or 

 uncut straw could be sprinkled with the mixture in the 

 racks, where troughs do not exist. Let it be mixed 

 each time as required for use, not forgetting the salt, 

 and in this climate I do not think it is likely to pro- 

 duce colic, as is sometimes the case in the West 

 Indies, where, through carelessness or othei-wise, an 

 animal drinks to excess, and when fermentation has 

 set in, in \\hich case the following will be found use- 

 ful : — I ounce each of spirits of nitre and paregoric in 

 a quart of warm water, or if not at hand, a quart of 

 warm stout or porter, with two wineglassfuls of brandy 



