Cattle Ftxdijig Stuffs 



451 



rich in sugar, and is, when fresh, quite sweet tasted. 

 The following is an analysis of ryemeal : — 



Per cent. 



Mo isture 1 3 • 00 



Nitrogenous compounds ^?)-^j 



Starch, sugar, &c 61.14 



Woody fibre 10.29 



Ash..' 1.74 



an analysis of this refuse pea 



100.00 

 This meal is valuable for all kinds of stock. It is 

 used to a considerable e.\tent in Germany for feeding 

 pigs. Coai^sely ground and mi.\ed with other meals, 

 it is used in some countries for making bread for 

 horses. In the north of England a mixture of this 

 meal with wheatmeal is often met with under the name 

 of meslin. When the price will allow this will be 

 found valuable for stock-feeding purposes. Ryemeal 

 should be given along with coarsely ground meal of 

 some other kind. 



Bcanmcal and pcamcalare so much alike in composi- 

 tion that we may take them together. An average 

 sample gives the following analysis : — 



Per cent. 



Moisture 1 2. 12 



Nitrogenous compounds 23.72 



.Starch, gum, &c 49- 16 



Woody fi bre 9. S I 



Ash 4-19 



This is a very concentrated food ; it contains 

 nearly twice as much flesh-forming matters as any of 

 the meals we have described. For sustaining the 

 vigour of animals under severe exertion this food 

 is peculiarly suited. It is very useful for mixing with 

 starch foods, or food deficient in nitrogenous mat- 

 ters. For feeding animals it is best thus mixed, 

 as if too much of this meal is given alone the flesh of 

 the animal thus fattened is hard and not so 

 palatable as if fattened on a mixture of meals. 

 Besides, if the animal is supplied with too large a 

 quantity of this food its digestion becomes impaired, 

 and a large proportion of the food is passed off un- 

 assimilated. It being so veiy astringent, is best 

 given along with some other food having opposite 

 tendencies. Three lb. of this meal along with 3 lb. 

 of linseed meal, for animals of 60 imperial stones, is 

 the favourite food of some feeders. To all kinds of 

 stock bean or peameal may be given with profit. It 

 should, however, as we have already stated, be always 

 mixed with some meal rich in fatty matters. In some 

 districts a species of peameal is obtained, composed 

 of the refuse matters of the split pea manufactory, 

 -where it can be purchased at a fair price. Farmers 

 will find it well worth their attention. It contains a 

 good deal of woody fibre ; but in other respects is not 

 deficient in the material which constitute a good feed- 

 inc: material. 



The following 

 dust, viz. : — 



Per cent. 



Water 9.36 



Oil 2.82 



a Nitrogenous compounds 9.00 



.Starch, sugar, gum, &c 41-49 



Woody fibre 33-58 



-^ Ash 3.75 



100.00 



rt' Containing nitrogen 1.44 



/' Containing phosphates 0.68 



Containing sand 0.66 



As peas are kiln-dried before being split, the refuse 

 matter contains only a small proportion of water. 

 This dust is an economical food when given to stock, 

 properly mixed with other food. 



Linseed meal is largely used for feeding calves, 

 but is seldom employed for feeding older animals. 

 When boiled and distributed through bulky 

 dry food, such as hay or straw-chaff, in the form 

 of mucilage, it produces good results. A few years 

 ago, being very short of roots for feeding, we employed 

 linseed meal to a considerable extent. We gave about 

 two pounds per head daily to fattening cattle. The 

 meal was boiled and made into a jelly ; this ^^•as then 

 poured over the dry food, consisting of maize meal, 

 beanmeal, (S:c. , and the whole mixed through a mass 

 composed of hay-chaff and pulped turnips. At various 

 times compounds, containing a large proportion of lin- 

 seed meal, have been suggested for feeding animals 

 instead of oil-cake. Amongst the most strenuous 

 advocates of these compounds was Mr Warner, of 

 Norfolk. From page 162 of his pamphlet " On the 

 Use of Flax Seed" we take the following : — 



" When selected, which they were by lot, the six 

 beasts to be fed on compound weighed 602 stones, 

 and those to be fed on oil-cake 590 stones. When 

 fat, the live weight of the former was 625 stones ; of 

 the latter, 705 stones, being a difference of S stone (the 

 12 stone overweight at the time being deducted) in 

 favour of those fed on compound. But it was in the 

 dead weight of each lot that the greatest difference 

 was shewn, the compound-fed yielding 44 stone 9 lb. 

 of meat more than those fed on oil-cake ; but, taking 

 the bone, fat, and hides, the difference in favour of 

 the former was 50 stones 6 lb., or 38 stones 

 6 lb., deducting the 12 stone original extra 

 weight. While there is an increase of produce, 

 there is a considerable decrease in expense be- 

 tween those fed on the compound and on oil-cake. 

 The latter consumed a much larger quantity of turnips 

 than the former, and the cost of the compound was only 

 £i(), 6s. i><d., whilst that of the oil-cake was ;i^2i, 

 14s. 9d." Again, "with regard to the cattle com- 

 pound, unquestionably its superiority centres in the 

 linseed meal. Without the use of linseed meal, the 

 attempt profitably to fatten cattle upon grain or pulse 



