PLANTS MENTIONED IN CLASSICAL WORKS. 179 
Tu has the same meaning in the Chow li [I, 381]. Le 
préposé & la plante tow (A) est chargé de réunir dans leur — 
saison les plantes tov, pour les employer dans les cérémonies 
funébres, Crena Hiian here explains t‘u by 36 ¥, (flowering 
rushes) as above. Bror reads mao jou and identifies it with 
Sonchus. 
Finally, the character tx appears in the Shi king [604] 
coupled with liao, 383%, which Mao explains by 7K BX (water- 
plant), and Lecce renders by “smart weed,” Polygonum 
persicaria. Cau Hi observes that t‘w and liao are the same 
Plant, called ¢‘u in the dry soil, liao in the wet, and not to be 
- confounded with the tw or ku ts‘ai (sow-thistle). 
See regarding the k‘w ts‘ai or tu, P., XXVIU, 14. The 
plant figured under these names in Ch., U1, 15, seems to be 
Lactuca versicolor, Sch, Bip. Henry [/. ¢., 189] :—A‘w ts‘at 
in Hupei is Lactuea squarrosa, Miq. 
STEBOLD [Syn. plant weon. jap. 219] :— PR HE kest asami, 
Sonchus oleraceus, L., Herba edulis. ‘The same, So moku, 
4 XV, & 
366.—Liao is a general term for the genus Polygonum, of 
Which there are in China a great number of species. Some 
of them have different Chinese names. [See Henry, /. ¢., 
_ 239.) Leaar renders liao by “smart weed,” Polygonum 
_—-bersicaria, The character liao appears twice in the Shi king. 
— In 600 it is used in the sense of “bitter experience,” and in 
004 it is coupled with #4 [see 365]. 
Mao explains tivo by “water-plant,” Caene Héan by 
a ¥ ws x (pungent and bitter vegetable). [See also the 
RA ya, 65), : : | 
Li ki, 1, 460, 461 [“ Diet of the Ancient Chinese ”] :— 
The liao mentioned as a spice: a sucking-pig was stewed, 
_ Wrapped up in Sonchus leaves and stuffed with smart-weed. 
XVI, 76, liao, The drawing under liao, Ch., XI, 57, 
Seems to represent Polygonum hydropiper, L., which may 
_ Well have been the plant of the Shi, 
