370 _ BOTANICON SINICUM, 
sap which is used for dyeing black. In 7 3 King lo 
(Honan) and Ho nei (Northern Honan) they call it Bit 
chu chi or #& FS} siang tou, or li. : 
Lv xt notices further the #\ yi as an oak, stating that 
it is the same as the tso. One kind, with a white wood 
without @ red heart, is called fy #& pai jui. It has straight 
veins, is easily split, and is good for making cases, axles, 
lances and spears. But the pai jué, or yi, according to | the 
Lh ya [300], is not an oak. 
In P. [XXX, 53, article i #F siang-feuit] all the al 
names are given as synonyms of siang. These names re 
probably applied to several allied species of Quercus. 
Su Sone [11th century] says :—# li or Hf: tso is the name 
of the wood, whilst the fruit (rather the cupule) is 
A Sh siang tou. It is used for dyeing black. The cupules 
of the ##{ hu [another oak, see 535] can be used for the same 
purpose, but the séang tou is considered the best. ot si 
tree grows from 20 to 30 feet hi gh. 
K‘ou Tsung-sut [beginning of 12th century | states ¢ : 
leaves of the li tree resemble those of the chestnut. ‘The 
wood although tough is not much valued as timber, but 
best charcoal can be made of it. The cupules of Meee ds 
are employed i in dyeing black. : 
Lt Sut-cuen adds:—There are two sorts of the Ui tree. 
One of them does not bear fruit, the heart of its wood i ish 
This is called & yi and is mentioned in the Shi together W 
the tso. The wood of the other kind, which produces frat 
is called {ff ha and its fruit Hi siang. Yellow flowers 
those of the chestnut. This is much cultivated in t 
Northern provinces. Large trees, the timber used for pi 
the smaller trees for fuel and for making charcoal. The 
is eaten by the people ; it is also good. for fattening swine. 
~The #R siang at Peking is the Quereus. Bungeana, Fo 
(Q. chinensis, Bae.). p'Incarvitie calls it Q. castanet 
