PROCEEDINGS. 475 
forgeries sold as genuine in China. One Ming author told them that 
in his time ancient bronze was manufactured in the Shantung, Shensi 
-and Honan provinces, at Nanking and other places. Dr. Hirth’s 
explanation of the Chinese Meander as representing, according to a 
Sung writer, the ancient characters for “cloud” and “thunder,” did 
not prove that the ornament was known in China 2000-2500 years 
before that Sung writer. The duke of Chow was a famous statesman, 
and had for this very reason no time for writing books. He helped 
to establish the Chow dynasty and may have sketched the rudiments 
of its institution. The time before the Chow and even during the 
first centuries of the Chow government was not at all a period of 
high social and political development. Dr. Edkins referred to 
foreign tribes that still inhabited even the small arena of China 
proper at the time. The Emperors had really little or no control 
over the hill tribes, The Honan plain was nearly all they had really 
in their possession. It might be true that Kitsu, a younger 
brother of the founder of the Chow, went to Korea, but _ 
real history of Korea begins a thousand years later. The plain 
of Soochow was more attractive and remunerative, but it was even 
in the time of Mencins still regarded as in a seni bareareme ae 
They had also to distinguish between the Feudal anes ie _— 
ning of the Chow dynasty and the Feudal states in —_ highest 
development in China during the time of the eating States, 
about 500 p.c. They might regard them, in their first stage, as 
quasi-independent clans under a chief each, or controlled by the — 
head of the family, The chiefs gradually assumed the dignity, — 
. ng a , t 
magnificence, and ceremonial of princes, but probably not before he 
time of the Chow. How little dignified the carly ralers - eke - 
were they could learn from passages in the Classics. Yao insph 
awe by dressing in a garment hanging dow 
Yao’s son-in-law and fellow-emperor, was sent : 
to the top of their hut (palace?) to repair the woe gc 3 2 : 
Another time he had to go down into a well to aie ke oa 
of Imperial descent he worked with vas need cee yale i. 
There he felt his loneliness and sighed to the bine gripe pacer 
parents would not allow him to marry. ‘The great Pu wont” © 
n over his legs. é Shun, 2 
by his parents out on 
