Lad 
Mr. Woops on the Genera of European Grasses. 17 
Grasses, but we do not notice it unless it occur in a remarkable degree, as in 
the glumes of Phalaris and Beckmannia. This may be accompanied with a 
keel, as in the first instance, or be without one, as in the second, and conse- 
quently a form may be both navicular and keeled (glume naviculares carinate), 
but not intermediate between them. 
The distinctions which appear to me to be useful are: 
Involute. The margins turned in, as in the palez of Stipa, and perhaps of 
most of those Grasses where the outer palea hardens on the seed. 
Concave. Rounded at the back, as in the pale of the Paniceæ. This 
occurs sometimes where the organ is nerved or ribbed, as in Glyceria aqua- 
tica, but rarely where there is a keel or midrib decidedly stronger than the 
other ribs. 
Compressed. The two sides meeting in an angle at the back ; this generally, 
but not necessarily includes a midrib. The outer paleæ of Poa and Dactylis 
may furnish examples. 
The first of these may exist in union with either of the others, and to any 
of them a keel may be added: two or three terms may therefore be used in 
the same description, but they should not be compounded. 
In some Grasses we find the glumes or palez of even texture throughout ; 
in others we find nerves, as in the paleæ of the Paniceæ, where they are quite 
unaccompanied by any elevation of the surface. I cannot call these stria, 
because there is in some cases a closely and uniformly striated surface ; yet 
they show themselves only in colour. In others we find, as in Glyceria, 
Eragrostis, and some species of Poa, sharply prominent nerves, and in others, 
as Sclerachloa, a thick rounded nerve, or almost indeterminate thickening of 
the substance with intermediate hollows, which do not seem always deep 
enough to be called furrows. The first of these I call nerves, the latter, ribs, 
In all these cases the outer palea, to which these particularities of description 
chiefly apply, has a central nerve or prominence, to which I do not give the 
name of midrib, unless it be stronger or more prominent than the others. 
The inner palea has usually two ribs, at which the membrane is folded in 
upon the parts of fructification. While in flower it almost uniformly follows 
the curve of the outer palea, at least in Grasses where the spicula has more 
than one flower, till the swelling of the seed forces it into a line concave 
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