18 Mr. Woops on the Genera of European Grasses. 
within. The exceptions from such an arrangement are all that it is necessary 
to notice. 
An additional glume is found in some Grasses (the Paniceæ, for instance,) 
an additional palea in others (as in Sorghum and Phalaris), or at least addi- 
tional parts putting on these appearances. These are always to be considered 
as abortive florets. They arise in some cases so precisely at the same point 
with the perfect floret, that it might be difficult to decide whether they ought 
to be considered as inferior or superior, if we had not a guide in their position, 
whether within the inferior or superior glume. In the first case, it must be 
the rudiment of an inferior, in the latter, of a superior floret. In fact, how- | 
ever, all the cases which might at first appear doubtful are distinguishable by 
the nature of the adjunct, the lower floret assuming the form of a sessile valve 
or scale, while the upper is always stalked, and frequently reduced to a mere 
stalk, which is not even constantly thickened at the top. 
Within the paleæ are the squamulæ, the nectaries of Linnzeus. These are 
often somewhat fleshy scales, but in many genera they are thin and scariose 
or filmy, putting on the appearance of minute paleæ ; they are usually two, 
and are met with lobed or entire in the same genus, and I believe even in the 
same species. In Imperata, Lygeum, Anthoxanthum, Crypsis, Alopecurus, 
Coleanthus, and Nardus they are wanting, 
Spartina and in Sesleria tenella. 
The stamina of Grasses are usually 3. Psilurus and some species of Fes- 
tuca have only 1; Imperata, Anthoxanthum, the terminal floret of Hierochloe, 
Crypsis aculeata, and one species of Bromus have 2; Oryza has 6. These are 
all the exceptions that the limits of my work require me to notice. The an- 
thers are oblong, notched at each end, except in Lygeum, 
two more genera. 
as they are also in most species of 
and perhaps one or 
The germen seems to afford 
the seed. 
The stigmas are usually 2, sometimes sessile, or nearly so, sometimes on 
lengthened styles. These styles are united into one in Sesleria; and this 
seems to me to be the case also 
se ; in Imperata ; nevertheless, where there are two 
stigmas, most botanists seem 
agreed to place the plant in the order Digynia. 
Nardus and Lygeum have each only one stigma. Mr. Brown, from his obser- 
no character which is not better developed in 
