BOARD QF HQRTICULTURE 113 



The later maturiniL,' kinds of fruit — late peaches, apples, pears, quinces — should 

 be baited when half-grown and the baiting continued tili the fruit is all off. 

 Wliere citrus fruit is the main crop it is advisable to bait these late summer 

 i'ruits for two or three weeks after the fruit is off so as to destroy flies emerging 

 from the soll beneath promptly, aud thus prevent their migrating to the citrus 

 orchard. This is an importaut matter, because fruit flies may bring about serious 

 loss to shippers of citrus fruit by stingiug the fruit in attempts to oviposit, and 

 thereby injure the surface sufficieutly to serve as a point of entrance for organ- 

 isms that cause the fruit to decay on the way to market. Quite a number of dif- 

 ferent species of flies try to feed on the surface of citrus fruit, esi^ecially if there 

 are specks of honey dew from scale insects or aphides present. It is possible 

 that they also cause injury sufficient to induce decay ; these the bait will also 

 destroy. 



If grapes are attacked it is fairly certain that peaches or other summer fruit 

 nearby have been badly infested, and that the resulting flies have found their 

 way to the vineyard. Baiting the fruit trees will do much towards preventing 

 injury to grapes. If infestation in grapes is feared, the vines should be sprinkled 

 the same as in the case of fruit trees. 



Experience only will enable one to decide on the necessary number of baitings 

 under any given circumstances. Advice from those who have had local experience 

 should be obtained whenever possible. The bait costs so little and is so easily 

 applied that it is best to err ou the right side and bait frequently. Much depends 

 on convenience. All materials should be kept in a safe but handy place, so that 

 time will not be wasted in gettlng ready for work, but the bait should always be 

 freshly made. 



Where town gardens or other small holdings are concerned, interested parties 

 should cooperate and arrange for some one to distribute the bait regularly for 

 all of them. 



Caution. — There is no necessity to sprinkle the fruit itself. Reasonable care 

 should be taken not to put bait on to the fruit, but if a few drops do strike the 

 fruit there is no cause for alarm, because the amount of poison is so small that 

 it is impossible for any one to eat enough fruit at one time to get an injurious 

 dose of arsenic. 



Do not leave tins or other receptacles containing bait standing open in places 

 where animals can get at them and drink the poison Solution. 



Keep the jar or tin containing the arsenate of lead tightly closed so as to 

 prevent loss of moisture. and put it away in a safe place where children or irre- 

 sponsible individuals cannot get access to it. 



EUROPEAN CORN BORER 



(Pyrausta nubilalis Hubn.) 



By E. P. Feit, State Entomologist of New York 



This serious pest is now well established over large areas. It occurs in east- 

 ern Massachusetts from Cape Cod to the northern boundary of the State, with a 

 westward extension in places of thirty miles, and an Invasion of several towns in 

 southeastern New Hampshire. It is found in New York State over large areas, 

 the eastern infestation centering approximately on Schenectady, and the western 

 one extending from Buffalo south and southwestward along the Lake Erie shore 

 nearly to the Pennsylvania State line, and with a southern extension from the 

 lake shore of about ten miles. There is also an infestation in Ontario, Canada, 

 extending from Fort Erie westward to Dunnsville, and an apparently independent 

 and more seriously infested area around St. Thomas, the east and west limits in 

 this latter being some sixty miles and the north and south dimensions approxi- 

 mately forty miles. 



