BOARD OF HORTICU L TURE m 



Sulfur Fumes for Empty Warehouses 



Sulfur fumes may be used in some cases in place of carbon bisulfide. Empty 

 bins, storaye rooms. etc., may be treated with sulfur fumes where it is desired 

 to clean up an infestation liefore stoi-ing fresb products. 



The stick or flour sulfur sbould be procured at the rate of four pounds to each 

 1.000 cubic feet of space to be fumitrated. Tlie sulfur sbould be placed in a metal 

 pan raisetl from the floor on bricks. A small amount of kerosene oil is then 

 poured over the sulfur, and this set on fire. Close the room tightly and keep 

 closed for 24 to 36 liours. 



These fumes are injurious to food proilucts, grain, flour, etc. 



Caution. It is necessary to guard against fire in the use of this treatment. 



Vacuum Funiigation 



Just recently there has been developed in California* the vacuum fumigation 

 process for stored prcnluct pests. The development of this process to the stage 

 of practical Installation of vacuum fumigators is already an accomplished fact 

 and marks a most important epoch and one of far-reaching importance in our 

 advance in effective control of stored product insect pests. 



Briefly the general process consists of the Installation of a large retort con- 

 nected with a vacuum pump. The materials to be fumigated, already packed in 

 the ultimate Container, are placed in the retort, the air removed until a 26 to 29 

 inch mercurial vacuum is sec-ured ; the gas, carbon bisulfide, is then passed into 

 the retort and allowed to remain for one hour. The gas is then pumped out and 

 air pumped through the retort until the substance is cleansed of all gas fumes. 



The greater Penetration of the gas and its increased toxicity for the insects 

 as a result of the employment of the vacuum process is evidenced in that 100 per 

 Cent of all stages of stored insects — eggs, larvae, pupae and adults — are killed in 

 the brief period of one hour. Ordinary atmospheric fumigation with carbon 

 bisulfide requires from 24 to 36 hours and, except under the most favorable con- 

 ditions, can not be expected to give 100 per cent mortality. 



It is not the purpose of this paper to enter into a lengthy discussion of the 

 process, cost. etc.. of vacuum fumigation. A large commercial evaporated products 

 concern, with plants located at Salem and The Dalles, have vacuum fumigators in- 

 stalled. As with numerous commercial concerns in California where this System 

 has been installed. reports of the results of its use are highly gratifying. Com- 

 mercial concerns in general faced with this problem of infestation by stored 

 products pests will do well to look into the merits of the System. That this 

 process will prove itself of such general practical worth that many additional 

 retorts will be installed is the prophecy of the writer. 



OREGON PEARS CHOICE QUALITY 



Good Soil and Climatic Conditions Make State Ideal for Culture of This Fruit 



By A. C. AUen 



Fear growing in Oregon is rapidly developing and with the Impetus given the 

 industry this season by the good markets, pear growers will look to the future 

 with optimism. 



That Oregon does produce pears of exceptional quality is an acknowledged 

 fact, and certain sections of the State raise a quality of pear which is unexcelled 

 anywhere in the world. Some people imagine that a pear is a pear no matter 

 where it is grown, but it is only necessary to compare a Bartlett, Comice, Bosc olr 



*1920. D. B. Mackie. The Application of Vacuum Fumigation to Fresh and Packed 

 Dates. Cal. State Bd. Agr. Mo. Vol. — No. — p. — 



