BOARD OP^ HORTICULTURE 127 



Not all of Oregon lands are good fruit lands, l)ut each county in the State, 

 without exception, has great acreages of valuable fruit lands, a great acreage 

 of which is still in timber or land that has been logged off and is ready for 

 Clearing. Some tracts are large, but thousands are small — just the right size 

 tracts to make good farms, with 5, 10 or 20 acres of orchard with enough land 

 to diversify in other lines until the orchard may bear in a paying way. 



It is the small orchard we want. rather than the large ones, as individual 

 ownership insures attention and production, while most large tracts are set and 

 financed by boomers who have no knowledge of real orchard lands and care 

 nothings more than getting the unsuspecting purchaser's money and leaving him 

 up against a probable hard game as quick as he can. 



There is not another State today offering the inducements to prospective set- 

 tlers who desire to get into horticultural work as Oregon. 



Climatic conditions insure success, systematic Organization insures protection 

 to the business, scientific knowledge and research insures good advice to be had 

 for the asking. and complete market organizations insure fair deals in markets, 

 while quality insures the highest market price. 



The State contains thousands of acres of both irrigated and nonirrigated 

 lands that will produce the very finest quality fruits and, best of all, most of 

 these lands can be had cheaply. 



APPLE TREE ANTHRACNOSE 



By H. P. Barss, Plant Pathologist, Oregon Experiment Station 



Apple tree anthracnose is the most serious canker disease of Western Oregon. 

 It has caused premature destruction of many promising orchards and undoubtedly 

 will result in large losses in the future unless growers are prepared to adopt 

 the methods required to combat it. The disease can be held in control by spray- 

 ing methods, but there is only one season when spraying can accomplish the 

 desired results and that is in the fall. Bordeaux mixture is the best material 

 to use for the purpose, according to the experience of the growers, as it seems to 

 retain its effectiveness for a long time, regardless of rains and cool temperatures. 

 The usual time of application, where but one spraying is given, is immediately 

 after the crop is harvested. Earlier applications would be preferable from the 

 Standpoint of disease control, but the grower naturally objects to covering his 

 fruit with a heavy coating of spray just before picking, and hence postpones the 

 work. Furthermore, the spray has a tendency in some seasons, when abundant 

 rains occur in early autumn to induce a reddish speckling, particularly notice- 

 able on yellow varieties like the Newtown, resembling the blush around San Jose 

 scale spots or the Spotting so often observed on fruit allowed to hang long on the 

 tree after picking time. 



Dean A. B. Cordley, of the Oregon Agricultural College, was the first person 

 to give this disease a thorough study and to determine its cause and methods of 

 control. The disease is due to a fungus. It Starts from a microscopic spore 

 which. alighting on the bark or on the fruit in the fall rains, germinates and 

 bores its way under the skin and into the substance beneath. The spores come 

 from the old cankers of previous seasons and from this source only. A Single 

 canker may produce countless numbers of these minute spores. They may be 

 blown al)out liy the air currents from one orchard to another or from tree to tree. 

 They are washed by the rains or spattered about by the splashing drops or carried 

 on the feet of insects from one part of the tree to another. When once a spore 

 has succeeded in getting into the bark, a canker is started and no spray applied 

 to the outside can stop its progress. The whole idea of spraying, then, is to 

 Cover the entire bark of the tree with a material poisonous to the spores so that 



