138 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT 



siderable degree, Prof. C. E. Schuster, who conducted tliese experiments, does not 

 wish to release the results, which he regards as inconclusive as yet. However, 

 one item stood out from these results, which was that in no Single instance, was 

 any variety tested self-polleuizing. 



In a State of nature I have no doubt that there is an occasional instance of 

 self-pollenation, but from a commercial standpoint, the old doUars and cents 

 point of view, It is a myth at present. 



Our groves are scattered in small plantings over a couple of hundred acres. 

 The original planting, about 70 trees, contains Barcelonas, DuChillys, Davianas, 

 White Avelines and Red Avelines. The Barcelonas, DuChillys and the Avelines 

 are heavy yielders. The second planting is about a third of a mile distant and 

 almost entirely surrounded by natural woods. It contains about 50 Barcelonas 

 and three or four White Avelines. The trees near the White Avelines produce 

 some nuts, while the more distant trees are very shy bearers, but the best tree 

 doesn't produce a third as many nuts as trees of nearly equal age in the original 

 planting, or the third planting. The third planting consists of about a 60-40 spread 

 of Barcelonas and DuChillys, with an occasional Daviana and one White Aveline. 

 It is several hundred yards away and entirely cut off by woods from any other 

 planting, and the prevailing winds in spring are from it toward the other plant- 

 ings. It is a good yielder for both Barcelonas and DuChillys. The fourth planting 

 is in an old asparagus bed. It consists principally of Barcelonas, with gaps left 

 for pollenizers when we get far enough ahead on onr orders to permit filling in. 

 There are some DuChillys and a Daviana or two in this grove, and the Barcelonas 

 near these trees produce far more than those farther away. This grove is four 

 years old, and the trees are vigorous in spite of having to fight the asparagus 

 for a living. 



All observations of natural pollenation from these groves would seem to prove 

 the DuChilly is a positive pollenizer for the Barcelona, and that the Daviana 

 and White Aveline have some virtue in that regard. But the DuChilly seems 

 far and away the best of the lot and should therefore be selected by the com- 

 mercial planter for this purpose, in the Proportion of about one DuChilly to 

 twelve Barcelonas. 



Likewise, the Daviana has been demonstrated to pollenize the DuChilly in a 

 State of nature. Prof. Lewis recommends the Clackamas and the Turkish for 

 this purpose. I know nothing of the Clackamas, myself, and cannot advise you 

 on it, but the Turkish has no other value than as a pollenizer, and if any other 

 variety will do the work, I would use it. Personally, I would advise the Daviana 

 until more results are obtained to demonstrate a better pollenizer for the Du- 

 Chilly ; about two Davianas to the hundred Barcelonas and eight DuChillys. 



Planting 



Having invested considerable money in land and nursery stock and time in 

 the selection of varieties, it would behoove the planter to see that his trees are 

 properly planted. A large hole should be dug at the site of the future tree, much 

 larger and deeper than the tree requires. A shovelful of manure in the bottom of 

 the hole will more than repay its cost, and then the dirt should be thrown in 

 loosely until the bottom of the hole will hold the tree three to four inches deeper 

 than in the nursery row. Let this hole stand for several weeks before planting, 

 to settle. The filbert is a shallow rooter and setting the trees in the top layer of 

 soll may result in losing a number the first summer, before they become estab- 

 lished and the root System developed. The manure in the bottom of the hole will 

 draw the roots deeper. 



When the trees are received they should be removed from the bündle and 

 well heeled in. In extremely cold weather a little straw over the tops will 

 prevent injury. At no time should the trees be permitted to dry out. When 



