BOARD OF HORTICULTURE 181 



ing the Great Plains constitutes a similar barrier to protect the West from the 

 infected areas in the East. Will it prove to he more efficacous than did the 

 Atlantic Ocean? If natural means of dissemination alone were to he considered, 

 the disease would never have crossed the Atlantic. The transportation of plants 

 by man brought the disease to Eastern America. That is the only means by 

 which it can reach the West. 



Let US cast up the western Situation in ledger form, and see where we stand. 

 On the debit side we have the cost of maintaining an efficient quarantine, at 

 most a few thousand dollars a year. On the credit side we have the value of the 

 white pine timber which will be cut in the West, during all future time. As our 

 ledger shows us, there should be no doubt in this matter. No effort on our part 

 will be too great, if we succeed in keeping White Pine Blister Rust out of the 

 West. If it enters Oregon and the other western states, it will be the fault of 

 some few individuals. It is the duty of people in the East not to ship currants, 

 gooseberries or five-needled pines into the West. It is equally the duty of West- 

 erners not to order these plants from eastern nurseries, or to request their friends 

 there to send them. 



In the West, we may think of White Pine Blister Rust as something nebulous 

 and far away. Let us for a moment assume that this disease is widespread in 

 this region on sugar pine and western white pine. Then considering data showing 

 its destructiveness in Europe and Eastern North America, it takes on a new 

 significance and becomes a problem in which everyone of us is concerned. 



OREGON GROWERS' ASSOCIATION GRADING RULES AND REGULATIONS 



FOR APPLES AND PEARS 



DEFINITION OF TERMS 

 Tolerance 



In Order to provide for the variations incident to commercial grading and 

 handling, a "tolerance" of five per cent for a total of all defects from the 

 Standard will be permitted in all grades and shall be computed by counting, 

 weighing or measuring the specimens judged to be below the Standard of the grade. 



Worin Stings 



The term "worm stings," as used in the following grading rules, shall be 

 interpreted to mean "thoroughly healed over stings," as the healing over of the 

 sting is the only evidence we have to show that the so-called sting is not infected. 



Scab 



Fancy Grade. Scab spots not larger than one-quarter (14) inch in diameter 

 in the aggregate shall be permitted in the Fancy Grade. 



"C" Grade. Scab spots not larger than one-half (i/^) inch in diameter in the 

 aggregate shall be permitted in the "C" Grade. 



Uniform in Size 

 The term "uniform in size" shall be construed to mean that apples in any 

 one package shall not vary more than one-half {V2) inch in their greatest trans- 



verse diameter. 



Packing 



The term "properly packed" shall refer to the arrangement of apples in each 

 package ; apples to be properly packed shall be arranged in the Container accord- 

 ing to the approved and recognized methods, and all packages shall be tightly 

 filled, but the contents shall not show excessive or "unnecessary bruising" as a 

 resült of the pressure exterted in enclosing an overfilled package. 



