66 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



be used. Second, pour some of the Bordeaux into a shallow 

 dish and holding it up to the light blow gently across its 

 surface. If properly made a thin pellicle will form on the 

 surface of the liquid. Third, dissolve one ounce of ferro- 

 cyanide Solution. If sufRcient lime has been used no change 

 will be noticed. If a brownish-red discoloration takes place, 

 more lime should be added. 



Unfortunately, even the most carefully prepared Bordeaux 

 will sometimes cause serious "russetting" of the fruit. This 

 russetting seems to be most serious when rainy or at least 

 humid weather prevails at the time of the first spraying after 

 the blossoms fall, and as such conditions do usually thus 

 prevail, at least in the Willamette Valley, "spray injury" fol- 

 lowing the use of Bordeaux offen becomes almost as serious 

 as the fungous injury it was expected to prevent. 



LTME-SULPKUR SOLUTION. 



It is offen desirable and practicable to use sprays w^hich 

 combine both fungicidal and insecticidal qualities. The time, 

 expense, and annoyance of one or more sprayings may fre- 

 quently be eliminated by such combinations. Thus Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green, or arsenate of lead, has long been 

 used as a combined spray for apple-scab and codling moth 

 and the expense of Controlling these two important apple pests 

 has thereby been materially reduced. This spray, however, 

 Combines only the fungicidal value of Bordeaux and the food 

 poison value of the arsenical. It is of little or no value as a 

 contact insecticide — in other words it is of no value against 

 Scale insects, plant lice and the numerous insects which 

 belong to Group II. 



During the past five years we have conclusively demon- 

 strated that the lime-sulphur spray, which has long been 

 known as the most satisfactory winter spray for San Jose 

 Scale, has fungicidal qualities nearly or quite equal to those 

 of Bordeaux. We have also conclusively demonstrated that 

 it may be used in combination with arsenate of lead without 

 materially detracting f rom the value of either ; and that when 

 so used it is at once an efficient contact insecticide, food poison 

 spray, and fungicide. 



It has also the advantage that when proüerly diluted it 

 may be used either as a winter or summer spray. 



As a winter spray one application of lime-sulphur spray 

 each year will do more for the neglected orchard than can 

 be done in any other way by the same expenditure of cash 

 and energy. If not only destroys San Jose scale, but it also 

 destroys the branch form of woolly-aphis, the eggs of the 

 green-aphis, the pear-leaf blister mite, the hibernating larvse 



