70 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



vailing in the orchard to be sprayed, and the relative impor- 

 tance of the orchard crop to other crops. The orchardist 

 can afford to do more spraying than can the farmer. 



An almost universal practice in this State — and a good one 

 — is to spray the orchard, vv^hatever the kind of fruit, with 

 lime-sulphur at some time while the trees are dormant. While 

 this application is made primarily for San Jose scale, I believe 

 there is no other which has such a generally beneficial result. 

 It is the annual "house-cleaning" of the orchards. 



The best time for this winter spraying is immediately after 

 the leaves drop in fall — even before they are all off — or just 

 before the buds open in spring. Personally, I prefer the lat- 

 ter, but attention should be called to the danger of unfavor- 

 able weather conditions at that time and to the consequent 

 inadvisability of delaying the work too long. 



All other sprayings are for special purposes and can best be 

 considered in connection w^ith particular pests. 



APPLE. 



APPLE SCAB. 



Spray with Bordeaux or with lime-sulphur (1-20) : first, when the 

 blossoms are beginning to unfold; second, immediately after the blos- 

 soms fall; third, ten days or two weeks later. (If the trees were 

 sprayed with winter strength lime-sulphur Solution before the buds 

 Started, the first of the above applications may be omitted. If pro- 

 longed rainy weather follows the third spraying, a fourth two weeks 

 later may be profitable.) 



CODLING MOTH. 



Add arsenate of lead or paris green to the second scab spray. 

 Endeavor at this time, by the most thorough work, to fill the blossom 

 end of every apple with the sprav. If this be well done, and if the 

 fruit be again thoroughly sprayed late in June, fairly good results 

 may be obtained without further applications. It is our experience, 

 however, that in the Willamette Valley at least, it usually pays to 

 spray once or twice for the second brood. The first of these applica- 

 tions should be about August 1 ; the second some three of four weeks 

 later. While thorough work should be done at all times particular 

 emphasis should be placed upon the two first sprayings. If all of the 

 first brood larvae could be killed there would be none of the second. 



SAN JOSE SCALE. 



Spray in winter with lime-sulphur, either immediately after the 

 leaves fall or before the buds start in spring. Do thorough work. 

 Soak every part of the tree. 



APHIDS or PLANT LICE. 



{Woolly-aphis, Green-aphis, Brown-aphis, Black-aphis.) 

 The plant lice rarely if ever become troublesome in orchai'ds which 

 receive an annual winter spraying with lime-sulphur. Dilute kerosene 

 emulsion or black-leaf sheep dip applied just after the leaf buds start 

 or at any time the aphids become troublesome, is also effective. 



