Small fruits in Western Oregon. 109 



as early in the spring as the ground can be worked and go over the 

 surface at least once each week. As the season advances see that the 

 harrow is set more shallow with each cultivation and follow it each 

 time with the clod-masher. Have a careful trainer go ahead of culti- 

 vator to turn in all arms that dangle out from trellis to prevent the 

 team from breaking them. In the Willamette Valley the first berries 

 are usually ready for gathering about the middle of June. The ripening 

 will increase steadily until in July when the füll harvest is on. The 

 harvest continues six weeks during which time the vines should be 

 carefully gone over every alternate day and the ripened berries gathered. 

 Do not allow the fruit to get over-ripe. When the season for gathering 

 loganberries arrives everything should be in readiness — plenty of crates 

 on band and made up, and enough pickers and attendants engaged. 

 It requires about ten good pickers for each acre of loganberries." 



Burbank's Phenomenal berry is so much like the loganberry that a 

 casual observer does not see any difference. The berries are said to 

 be better shippers than the loganberries, but the yield is less and 

 Phenomenal plants are no longer in demand for planting in Western 

 Oregon. 



blackberries and dewberries. 



The native dewberry of Oregon, commonly called the "wild black- 

 berry," grows abundantly in open woods in Western Oregon, and is 

 highly prized for household canning. It thrives under cultivation but 

 is not grown to any extent in that v/ay. The flavor when cooked is 

 unsurpassed by any other berries of its kind. 



The leaders among the varieties of Standard blackberries cultivated 

 in Western Oregon are the Snyder and the Kittatiny. The rows of 

 blackberries should be eight feet apart, and plants may be set four to 

 six feet apart in the rows. The manner of supporting the canes is 

 the same as with red raspberries. Very few Standard eastern dew- 

 berries are grown in Oregon, but a number of varieties of blackberries 

 with running vines are grown to some extent. The most common of 

 these is the variety known as the Evergreen. The foliage and habits 

 of growth of this plant are quite distinct from other blackberries and 

 dewberries, but the fruit is very similar to other blackberries. The 

 bearing season is long and the yield on moist ground very great. The 

 vines are rampant growers, and if neglected become a nuisance. If 

 handled in the same manner as dewberries or loganberries and kept 

 in check by pruning, the fruit is improved in size and the variety is 

 profitable, as the berries of this variety are well liked by canners. The 

 Mammoth blackberry is also a plant of trailing habit and requires about 

 the same method of treatment as the loganberry. The fruit is large, 

 soft, and of good flavor. It ripens early or aoout with the Lucretia 

 dewberry and the flavor is morc like that of Standard blackberries than 

 is the case with ordinary dewberries. The Himalaya blackberry is 

 another of the trailing type of blackberries. It is said to be a better 

 shipper and a much better bearer than the Mammoth. Neither variety 

 is grown extensively in this State. 



All of the blackberries need deep, rieh soll which naturally retains 

 moisture well. This is especially true of the Standard and evergreen 

 varieties as they ripen late in the season and on moist soil continue 

 to bear until late in the fall. The soil should be well supplied with 

 humus and the supply be maintained by growing winter cover crops of 

 vetches to be turned under as early in the spring as the ground is 

 in good working condition. Cultivation should be thorough and be 

 maintained until the fruit begins to ripen. 



