Sprays and Spraying. 57 



as soon as the lumps of lime have slaked down. The intense 

 heat, violent boiling and constant stirring result in a uniform 

 mixture of finely divided sulphur and lime, with only a very 

 small percentage of the sulphur in Solution. The mixture 

 should be strained to take out the coarse particles of lime, 

 but the sulphur should be carefully worked through the 

 strainer. 



"In applying the self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture, the spray- 

 ing outfit should be equipped with a good agitator. The 

 mixture settles to the bottom of the tank, and unless kept 

 thoroughly agitated, cannot be evenly applied." 



Since commercial lime-sulphur has caused some burning of 

 fruit and foliage of the apple in some sections of the North- 

 west, we would suggest that the self-boiled lime-sulphur be 

 tried for the third scab spray. Either the 8-8-50 or 10-10-50 

 formula may be used. While not as good as the commercial 

 lime-sulphur against apple scab, Scott finds that it will control 

 mild cases of scab, and in his experiments was entirely harm- 

 less to foliage and fruit. 



Arsenate of lead for codling moth may be safely used with 

 the self-boiled mixture in the same proportions as recom- 

 mended when mixed with Bordeaux or commercial lime- 

 sulphur. 



LIME-SULPHUR SOLUTION. 



It is often desirable and practicable to use sprays which 

 combine both fungicidal and insecticidal qualities. The time, 

 expense, and annoyance of one or more sprayings may fre- 

 quently be eliminated by such combinations. Thus Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green, or arsenate of lead, has long been 

 used as a combined spray for apple-scab and codling moth 

 and the expense of Controlling these two important apple pests 

 has thereby been materially reduced. This spray, however, 

 combines only the fungicidal value of Bordeaux and the food 

 poison value of the arsenical. It is of little or no value as a 

 contact insecticide — in other words it is of no value against 

 scale insects, plant lice and the numerous insects which belong 

 to Group II. 



During the past five years we have conclusively demon- 

 strated that the lime-sulphur spray, which has long been 

 known as the most satisfactory winter spray for San Jose 

 scale, has fungicidal qualities nearly or quite equal to those 

 of Bordeaux. We have also conclusively demonstrated that 

 it may be used in combination with arsenate of lead without 

 materially detracting f rom the value of either ; and that when 



