60 Report of State Board of Horticulture. 



KEROSENE EMULSION. 



Kerosene oil, or coal oil, is a powerful insecticide. The 

 undiluted oil is, however, liable to seriously injure plants to 

 which it is applied. This difficulty is overcome by using 

 one of the special spray pumps which have been devised for 

 the purpose of mixing the oil with water in any desired 

 Proportion ; or by forming an emulsion with some Lubstance 

 that may be readily diluted with water. Soap is most com- 

 monly used for this purpose, as follows : 



Kerosene oil _.... 2 gallons 



Hard soap (preferably whale-oil) 1/2 pound 



Water : 1 gallon 



Dissolve the soap in the water by boiling. Add the suds, 

 boiling hot, to the oil. Churn the mixture violently with a 

 spray pump until it becomes a thick, creamy mass. If per- 

 fectly emulsified, the oil will not rise to the surface even after 

 standing an indefinite time. Such an emulsion may be used 

 immediately or may be kept as a stock mixture. Before using 

 dilute one part of the stock emulsion with 10 to 15 of water. 



This will be found to be an efficient remedy for green aphis, 

 woolly aphis, red spider, mealy bugs and certain scale, ir.sects. 



CRUDE OIL EMULSION. 



The crude oil emulsion spray is being used to some extent 

 throughout the country for the San Jose and other reales, 

 and directions for making are here included : 



Fish-oil soap _ 5 pounds 



Lye 1 pound 



Crude oil 6 gallons 



Water 43 gallons 



This formula will make about 50 gallons of spray. Dis- 

 solve the soap in about 10 gallons of hot water, pour into 

 a barrel or tank and add the rest of the 43 gallons of water, 

 add the lye and pour the oil in slowly, agitating the liquid 

 at the same time. Never add more ivater after the oll has 

 been ponred into the mixing vessel. Crude petroleum cannot 

 at this time be sold under a strict guarantee as to specific 

 gravity, but for this purpose should test from 15° to 20° 

 Baume'. 



WHALE-OIL SOAP AND QUASSIA. 



Strong soapsuds made from any good soap are useful for 

 destroying soft-bodied insects like plant-lice. It is usual, 



