PRECIPITATION OVER WOODS AND OPEN FIELDS. 



113 



forests, and it will be of interest to compare their results with those 

 given for extensive regions near them but without forests. Such a 

 comparison is made in Dr. Lorey's handbook of forestry; in repro- 

 ducing it the units of measurement are changed to feet and inches. 

 The stations are arranged in the order of their elevation above the 

 sea. The averages for the larger regions are those published by Dove 

 in 1871. 



Pield station. 



Name. 



Schoo 



Eberswalde . . . 



Fritzi^n 



Hadersleben .. 



Lintzel 



Kurwien 



Marientlial 



Hauenau 



INeumath 



rriedrithsrode 



Lahuhoi' 



Hollerath 



Schueidet'eld . . 



Carlsberg 



Sonnenberg . . . 

 Melkerei 



Mean an- 

 nual pre- 

 cipita- 

 tion. 



Compared with average over open regions. 



Name. 



Inches. 

 28.4 

 21.9 

 25.6 

 30.1 

 23.3 

 24.5 

 22.5 

 31.6 

 32.3 

 26.5 

 44.2 

 38.3 

 50.2 

 38.9 

 55.5 

 69.9 





North Sea coast 



Brandenburg 



East Prussia 



Baliic coast 



ilanover 



East Prussia 



Thiiringen and Saxon Provinces 



Alsace-Lorraiuo 



do 



Thihingen and Saxon Provinces 



Westphalia 



Rhino country 



ThiiriDgen and Saxon Provinces 



SilisianAIountaius 



Harz 



Alsace-Lorraine 



Surplus 



over 

 ■woods. 



Inches. 

 -f 0. 5 

 + 0.1 

 -f- 1.5 

 + 4.1 



— 3.6 

 -f 0.4 



— 0.7 

 + 1.2 

 + 1.9 

 + 3.3 

 + 14.5 

 +12. 7 

 +27.0 

 + 11.5 

 +19.1 

 +39.5 



It seems from this that, where the results at the stations near forests 

 are compared with the general results in the section of country in 

 which the station is situated, the forest station usually shows more 

 rainfall. Lintzel is exceptional, because near young trees on an exposed 



moor. 



* In regard to this station Dr. Miittricli has lately published an interesting account 

 ■which should correct the above result, and would go far to show a noticeable influ- 

 ence of the growing forest cover upon rainfall. 



This station, situated in the Luneburg heath, was begun to be planted to forest in 

 1877, at the rate at first of 1,000 to 1,500 acres per year, afterwards more slowly, and 

 by this time over 8,000 acres have been planted to forest in that locality. Aroimd 

 the meteorological station a young forest of 10 to 12 years old, of pine and oak, has 

 grown up. The station is placed in an open field of about 75 acres extent sur- 

 rounded by the forest growth. The change of conditions immediately around the 

 station Lintzel, making Lintzel central for an area of about 25 square miles, is repre- 

 sented as follows: 



After reforestation : 



10 per cent field, mtjadow, and water. 

 lOjier cent heath, roads and openings. 

 80 per cent of forest. 



Before reforestation : 



12 per cent field, meadow, etc. 

 85 per cent heath. 

 3 per cent old forest. 



There are now regular meteorological observations for nine years on hand. 

 The rainfall observations are compared with those from stations outside of the 

 forest conditions, but near enough to Lintzel to bo available for comparison in the 



12444— No. 7 8 



