194 



INDEX. 



Forest inflnences — Continued. 



influence of forests upon climate of the sur- 

 rounding country. 17. 



influence upon upper and lower air currents, 

 18. 



influence upon comparative temperature in 

 fore.sts and open fields. 18. 



phenomena of glades inclosed by forests. 19. 



influences on water and soil conditions, 20. 



sanitary influence. 21. 171. 



forests a special kind of surface covering, 23. 



methods of investigation. 25. 



systematic meteorological observations, 26. 



French, 27. 



Geiman, 30, 39. 



Swcdisli. 31. 



Austriiin, 33. 



efifei'tson temperature of soil, 40-50. 



comparison of eflect of deciduous and ever- 

 green trees, 47. 



temper:itnres of air in forests, 51-69. 



temperatures above forests, 09-72. 



tree temperatures, 72-70. 



relation of Ibrests to evaporation, 90-102. 



rehition lo humidity. 1(12-10.'). 



rainfall in. above, and near forests, 100-118." 



windbreak eflect of, 118. 



relation to water supplies, 123-170. 



intlneiiceon hailstorms, 129. 



infliieneeon surface drainage, 20, 157. 



sanitary siguiticance of, 21. 171. 



relaticm of forest soil to cholera, typhus, yel- 

 low fever and niala»a — investigations in 

 India. 172. 



value of city parks, 173. 



influence oii wind and storms, 118. 



influence on evaporation, 138. 



efi'ect on rainfall, 175. 

 France : 



observations of Beequerel on meteorological 

 Iiroblenis. ■_'7. 49, 73, 103, 111, 110, 121. 



observations of Krut/.scli and liivoli, 28. 



government investigations of forest influences 

 on climate, 29. 



Fautrat's observations above and below tree 

 tops, 29. 



observations near Nancy on rainfall, 126. 

 Frost, eflects of vegetation upon. 76. 

 Gauges, rain: 



relation of pattern and altitude to accuracy 

 of measurements, 170. 

 - why elevated gauges catch less rain than 

 those near the ground, 176. 



action of wind upon, 177, 



observations of ^Mordecai and Biirnstein, 178. 



observations of Wild and others, 179. 



elimination of errors, 180. 

 Glades : 



in forests, special i>henonK'iia of, 19. 



temperatures in, 19, 83. 

 Geneva, observations on tree temperatures at, 72. 

 Germany : 



results of Ur. Ebermaycr's observations on 

 interior forest climate, 30. 



meteorological obsi-rvatiou stations, 14. 



instruments used, 39. 



Germany — Continued. 



observations on soil temperatures, 40. 

 observations on temperatures in interior ot 



forests, 51, 

 temperature in tree crowns and above for- 

 ests, 61. 

 relation of evaporation to forests, 96, 134. 

 observations on precipitation, 107,113,134. 

 water capa<-ity of soils and soil covers, 146. 

 water conductivity of soils, 149. 

 Gradients, temperature, 68. 

 Hailstonus, supposed influence of foresta upon, 



121,129. 

 Hamberg, Dr., observations on temperature in 



woods, glades, and plains, 85, 

 Harrington, M. W., review of forest meteorolog- 

 ical observations: a study preliunnary to 

 the discussion of the relations of forests to 

 climate, 23-121. 

 Heat: 



Hamberg's observations on temperature and 



humidity, 31, 85. 

 comidicated relation to vegetation, 76. 

 amount absorbed in transpiration of plants, 80, 

 degree necessary to produce evaiior.itiun in 



water, 81. 

 amount absorbed by fiu'csts, 81. 

 amount produced by vertical sun's rays, 82. 

 percentage of lieat of vertical sun's rays ab- 

 sorbed in passing throngli the ai]-, 82. 

 absorjitioii by assimilation of carlxui. 82. 

 variations in degrees during tlie ilay and at 



night, 83. 

 degrees in forests and fields, (Sweden,) 85. 

 {.S'ee also Temperatures.) 

 Hohnel, investig:itions on transpiration of for- 

 ests, 78. 

 Hough, F. B., report on forest climate, 30. 

 Hnmidity, forests and, 16, 102. 

 India: 



temperatures in wooded and treeless terri- 

 tories of. 01. 

 inflnence of forests upon precipitation, 128. 

 • sanitary influence of forests, 172. 

 Influence of forests. (See Forests.) 

 Intereeptiim. {See Water supply.) 

 Leaves : 



time of ai)pearaiice and disappearance in de- 

 ciduous trees, eflect on temperature in spring 

 and summer, 60. 

 Liburnau, Dr. Lorenz, meteorological observa- 

 tions, 33,71.104. 

 Liuht, influence on transpiration, 77. 

 Litter eflects: 



on soil temi)erature, 49. 

 on Water capacity, 147. 

 on conductivity of soils, 150. 

 or drainage, 152. 



nuiiaria, cholera, I'tc., relaticm of forests to, 172. 

 Meteorological conference, international, Tienna, 



36. 

 Meteorology, forest : 



difference of meteorological conditions within 



and without the forest, 14. 

 influence of forests upon the climate of the 

 surrounding country, 17. 



