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trees early in winter to attract tlie Cliickadees. The birds came and remained 

 about the orchard nearly all the winter. They were careiully watched and it was 

 found that they were feeding on the eggs of the canker-worm moths. A few birds 

 were killed to determine the number of eggs eaten. Between two and three 

 hundred canker-worm eggs were found in the stomach of each of these birds. In 

 the spring the female moths of the spring canker-worm were also devoured. The 

 result was that the Chickadees, assisted in spring and early summer by some other 

 birds, saved the orchard from any serious injury by the canker-worm. 



NUTHATCHES— TITS— TREE CREEPEK. 



Description. 



WHITE-BBEASTED NUTHATCH. 



Adult male. Crown and nape glossy black; 'back rump and middle tail 

 feathers ashy blue ; outer tail feathers black, with white patches near the tips, inner 

 secondaries bluish gray, marked with black: wing coverts and quills tipped with 

 whitish; sides of head and under parts white, lower belly and under tail coverts 

 mixed with rufous. 



Adult female. Similar, but the black of head and neck duller. 



L., 6.00; W., 2.70; T., 1.95. 



Nest, in a hole in a stub. Eggs, five or six, white, streaked with reddish brown. 



RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. 



Adult male. Crown shining 'black, bordered by a white line over the eye, a 

 black line from the bill through the eye to nape, widening behind the eye; upper 

 parts bluish gray; outer tail feathers black, with white patches near their tips, 

 middle ones bluish gray; throat white, rest of the under parts rusty red, some- 

 times reddish buff. 



Adult female. Similar but top of head and line through eye, dark bluish gray. 

 L., 4.65; W., 2.65; T., 1.65. 



Nest, in a hole in a tree or stump. Eggs, five or six, white, speckled with 

 reddish brown. 



CHICKADEE. 



Crown, nape and throat, black; sides of head and neck, white; back ashy gray, 

 wing and tail feathers margined with whitish; breast white; belly and sides washed 

 with pale buff. 



L., 5.25; W., 2.50; T., 2.50. 



Nest, in a hole in a stump or tree. Eggs, six to eight; white, spotted and 

 speckled, chiefly at the larger end, with reddish brown. 



TREE CREEPER— BROWN CREEPER. 



Upper parts curiously marked with brown, buff and wliite; rump pnlo chestnut: 

 wings dusky, marked with tawny and white and with a band of creamy buff: tail 

 dnsky. the feathers sharply pointed: under parts white: bill slightly curved. 



L.. 5.50 ; W., 2.60 : T.. 2.65. 



