established in their locality. Consequently the demand for inforniatiou is already 

 large and increasing. To satisfy this demand so far as possible is the purpose of 

 this bulletin. In preparing it the writer has not depended solely on his own in- 

 vestigations and the experience and observations of others in this Province, < but 

 has freely consulted the publications of various investigators elsewhere, who have 

 made a careful study of the life history and control of the insect. The chief works 

 thus consulted are the various publications of the Bureau of Entomology at Wash- 

 ington, D.C., and of the Experimental Stations of Kew York, Illinois, Ohio, N"ew 

 Jersey, Georgia and Tennessee. 



Beief Histoky. — The native home of the scale has been discovered by Dr. 

 Marlatt to be in China. In 1873 it was first discovered in North America at San 

 -Jose in California. From here it was unwittingly shipped on nursery stock to 

 nurseries in the Eastern States, and infested shipments from these in turn spread 

 it widely. By 1894 it had become established in most of the Eastern States andi 

 in many of the Middle and Pacific ones as well. In 1897 it was found in Ontario, 

 in Kent and Essex Counties, and also near St. Catharines and Niagara-on-the-Lake, 

 but the large number of infested trees showed that it must have been introduced 

 about 1893 or 1894, and so has been approximately twenty years in this Province. 

 It was doubtless brought in on nursery stock. So far as I can discover, Ontario 

 is the only Province in Canada where it has become established. It has twice been 

 found in moderate numbers in British Columbia, but I am told by the Provincial 

 Horticulturist and one of his assistants, and also by Mr. Treherne, the local Dominion 

 Entomologist, that it has been exterminated, or at any rate has not been seen for 

 several years. It has also been introduced into Nova Scotia, but infested trees 

 have been destroyed, and there is good reason for believing that it has not obtained 

 a foothold. 



PRESENT DISTRIBUTION IN ONTARIO. 



The map gives a fairly accurate outline of the districts where the scale is found. 

 A good deal of time has been devoted to getting the data on which the map is 

 based. Not only were all records of places from which the scale was sent in in the 

 past considered, but the co-operation of the district representative in each county 

 was gained". As these men know their respective counties well, and are greatly 

 interested in all that in any way affects the farmers, their assistance was invalu- 

 able. In addition to this Mr. Jas. Neilson, a student of the Agricultural College. 

 Guelph, devoted five months this summer under my direction to the sole task of 

 determining the northern limits to which the scale had spread. 



It will be seen that a line drawn from about Sarnia to Toronto marks the 

 present northernmost limit of the scale. A study of the counties south of this line 

 shows that Kent, Essex, Elgin, Welland and Lincoln are the worst infested counties. 

 In Lambton the lower third has considerable scale, and there are a few isolated 

 places farther north, as high or a little higher than Sarnia, where it is found. The 

 southwest corner of Middlesex contains badly infested orchards, and there are also 

 ^two or three affected orchards about five miles from London. In Oxford there was 

 one badly infested orchard about four miles north-west of Woodstock. (The orchard 

 has been sprayed this year and nearly all the scalo destroyed). This seems to 

 ihave been the only infested locality in this countv. In Norfolk there are five 

 [localities where the scale has been fouud. In Brant there is an outbreak near St. 

 iGeors-e, but apparently onlv a very limited area is affected. In Haldimand there is 

 [considerable scale in the disitriet along the lake, and though we have no reports of 



