15 



feet from the top of tall trees. They do not cling very tenaciously to the part they 

 are on, and many drop off. Eaius doubtless wash them from higher to lower 

 branches. To spread through an orchard of, say, ten acres until every tree is clearly 

 infested will sometimes require two or three years, and apparently depends largely 

 upon what part of the orchard became first infested and how well the scale thrives 

 in the district. 



Many fears have been expressed that the scale will get established in new 

 centres through marketing infested apples, which may be shipped to various parts 

 of the Province. There is apparently very little danger from this in the case of 

 winter fruit, which is packed late, and from which active young getting on trees 

 would scarcely have time to become sufficiently advanced to stand the winter. In 

 the case, however, of fruit marketed earlier in the season, it is more reasonable to 

 fear that the insects might get a foothold. Ever since the San Jose Scale was 

 discovered to be a very serious pest entomologists have thought of this possibility, 

 but it is very encouraging to learn that in no case up to the present is there any 



Fig. 7. San Jose Scale on apple, showing both the 



scales themselves and discoloration caused 



by them, natural size. (Original.) 



known recorded proof that the marketing of infested fruit has resulted in the estab- 

 lishment of new colonies. Nevertheless, as a wise precaution, the sale of such fruit 

 is forbidden by law, and any person found selling or offering it for sale is liable to 

 a penalty of not less than $10 nor more than $100. 



INJURY TO PLANT LIFE. 



Parts of the Plants Attacked and Nature of the Injury. — The scale 

 will attack any part of the tree or plant above ground — trunk, branches, twigs, 

 leaves, leaf-stems, fruit and fruit-stems. Small trees are usually attacked nearly 

 uniformily all over, except that the leaves are not so badly infested. I^arge apple 

 trees are worst attacked on the outer branches and twigs, the coarse, thick bark 

 of the trunk and large branches having fewer scales on it probably because more 



