23 



former permits the oils to evaporate more quickly. Crude petroleum alone is seldom 

 safe to use. Many trees have been killed by it. 



Some Points to Remember About Spraying for San Jose Scale. — (1) Do 

 not spray when the trees are wet; this weakens the wash. 



(2) Do not spray just before a rain, because the rain will rapidly wash the 

 mixture oE unless it has first become thoroughly dry. 



(3) Do not spray when the thermometer is at or below freezing point. The 

 mixture does not seem to get into contact with the insects so well as in warm 

 weather. 



(4) If possible start soon enough to finish by the time the buds are bursting. 

 If not through then and the scale is abundant spray ahead at the regular strength 

 until all the trees are done. Often no damage to leaves will follow, in any case the 

 spray will do less injury than the scale. 



(5) Test the strength of the lime-sulphur with a hydrometer; it is the only 

 business-like way where concentrated lime-sulphur is used. 



(6) Take advantage of the wind. A strong wind is often helpful, especially 

 for large trees. 



(7) Do not be stingy with the material. Cover every inch from the base of 

 the trunk to the topmost twig. Eemember a single female missed may mean 

 1,000,000 by the end of the season. It may take eight gallons or more for a large 

 tree, but only thoroughness will pay. 



(8) A good gasoline outfit is very much quicker and more satisfactory than a 

 hand pump for large, old orchards, but good work can be done with a hand pump, 

 too. 



(9) Keep the spray machine in good repair, pump clean water through it every 

 night and take off the nozzles to prevent their getting set. It will save much loss 

 of time. A circular piece of leather three inches in diameter placed at the base of 

 the nozzles will largely prevent the mixture running down the rod and wetting the 

 hands. 



(10) Use gloves to save the hands. 



(11) Try to supervise all the sprajdng yourself, or put it in charge of your best 

 man. 



Is IT Possible for a Man to Control the Scale in His Own Orchard 

 Independently op His Neighbors? — Wherever an orchard is some distance, say 

 ten rods or more away from an infested orchard, it can be kept almost free from 

 scale whether the infested orchard remains neglected or not. In the Niagara dis- 

 trict most good growers would not care much whether their neighbor sprayed or 

 not. They are aware, too, that if he does not spray the scale will soon kill his trees 

 and so remove the menace. However, there are often cases where orchards are 

 almost touching, and if the one on the west, the side of the prevailing wind (from 

 other directions the danger is usually not quite so great) is composed of tall trees 

 badly infested there is no doubt that the nearest row or two of the neighboring 

 orchard, however well sprayed and cared for, will be more or less affected by this. 

 Under these circumstances if a man cannot persuade his neighbor to control the 

 scale he should appeal to the scale inspector, if there is one, or else ask permission 

 to treat his neighbor's outer row at his own expense, if he thinks it worth while 

 to do so. 



