8 



food supply for the trees. Frequently the burning kills the shallow roots or 

 leaves them unprotected. 



The living tissue beneath the bark of the tree close to the ground becomes 

 so heated that it is either killed or partly destroyed. The first visible effect may 

 be seen in the form of a fungus growth about the base of the tree. This parasitic 

 fungus gradually weakens tlie tree, making it subject to insect pests, and finally 

 causing its death, but the real and first cause was the innocent looking ground 

 fire. 



Stock Grazing. 



Probably one of the most serious hindrances to the proper growth and de- 

 velopment in the woodlot has been caused by grazing. There were many, a few 

 years ago, who claimed that grazing did not injure the woodlot. 









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Fig. 4.— Showing grazed woodlot on the left, and protected woodlot on the right. 



Experience has shown, however, that in the Ontario woodlot grazing must 

 always be injurious. Many examples, as in Fig 4, miay he seen in Ontario where 

 the comparison of grazed and ungrazed woodlots show the result. While the 

 injury is admitted by many, there are those who claim that the woodlot is of more 

 value in protecting the cattle during the heat of the day and giving them pas- 

 turage than for wood producing purposes. It is very difficult to compare the 

 rental value of the woodlot used for purposes of pasturage and that of the woodlot 

 used exclusively for wood production. One thing is certain, that to have a perma- 

 nent woodlot, where conditions are favorable for tree groAvth the stock must be 

 excluded. 



