30 



feet square, as in Fig. 22. Ocasionally it may be practical to cultivate a strip 

 four to six feet wide along a fence which can he moved a few feet after the trees 

 have grown. Preparation of this strip by summer fallowing will give results in 

 future tree growth which will repay the effort. Whether planting is done in 

 planting holes or on a prepared strip, future cultivation will give best results. 

 This cultivation should be carried on for two years at least — longer will pay — until 

 the trees have become well established. It will be an advantage to mulch the tree* 

 with grass or old manure. The trees should be inspected during the summer to 

 see that weeds, etc., do not overshadow them. In case the owner does not want 

 large trees along cultivated fields, the firsf planting can be done every sixteen feet 

 and a few years later trees can be planted between. AYlien the first trees become 

 too large they can be cut off the height of a common fence post and later the fence 

 can be attached to the younger generation of trees as the older ones decay. 



The choice of species for this work must be given some consideration. The 

 fastest growing species will be Box Elder, Hardy Catalpa, and Black Locust. In 

 the southern portions of the Province and in the best classes of fresh, moist soils 

 Hardy Catalpa may prove valuable for this purpose. Black Locust will grow on 

 the poorest of locations and will be of more general value than Hardy Catalpa. 

 Sugar Maple may be employed in this work, although the growth w^ill be slower 

 than the preceding species and it requires very good soil. Some may desire to plant 

 nut-producing trees so that a return may be had from nut crops. Black Walnut. 

 Shag-bark Hickory, and Chestnut would be the most valuable in this case. The 

 Chestnut would grow on the lighter soils, while the Black Walnut should be planted 

 in good, rich soil. If evergreens are desired. ?^orway Spruce, White Spruce, Larch 

 and ArborvitiE will give best results. The Arborvitse should be placed in moist soil, 

 while Larch will stand dry, poor locations. 



In placing wire on trees, care should be taken not to injure the tree more than 

 necessary. Fig. 26 shows two methods common in Ontario. Where the strip of 

 wood is used in which to place staples, the tree gradually forces the strip over the 

 head of the nail and in time it may be necessary to put in new nails. As a rule, 

 large bolts or heavy spikes are used to fasten this strip to the tree. The use of 

 such large fastenings is unnecessary and usually a much smaller nail will hold just 

 as well. For an inch and a half strip two and a half inch nails are sufficiently 

 large. 



