where good cultural methods are practised are producing good crops annually, and 

 have been doing so for a large number of years. This is the home of the Mcintosh 

 Eed apple, and nowhere in the world is it grown to greater perfection and of better 

 quality. 



In the portions of Dundas County covered by this survey, the land lies fairly 

 level or gently undulating; while in the portions of Stormont and Glengarry it is 

 of a rolling nature, the country being traversed east and west by gravelly glacial 

 moraines. The slopes of these ridges offer ideal sites for apple orchards, but in the 

 more level parts of the counties a good deal of care must be exercised in the selection 

 of the site for an orchard. 



Transportation. — There is no lack of transportation facilities east and west. 

 The Grand Trunk railroad traverses the whole three counties about a mile north 

 of the river, and the Canadian Pacific railroad about eighteen miles further north. 

 The St. Lawrence river affords an excellent means of transportation by water, being 

 in direct communication with Montreal, itself a large market, and the port for 

 direct ocean trans-shipment to the O^d Country markets. Fruit could be loaded at 

 various points every four or five miles along the river and taken direct to Montreal, 

 landing there in from twelve to twenty-four hours after shipment. The New York 

 and Ottawa railroad traverses Stormont County north and south, here opening up 

 a good deal of country and giving better communication with the east and west lines 

 and with Ottawa. There are great possibilities for an electric railroad running 

 in the same direction further west in Dundas County, and should such an under- 

 taking be consummated it would have a great influence in reviving orchard culture 

 in that part of the county. But the best and cheapest transportation is by water, 

 and no, doubt were fruit shipped in larger quantities an excellent service would be 

 developed on the St. Lawrence Eiver, for at the present time there are many local 

 freight and passenger boats plying up and down the river which would welcome an 

 opportunity of handling fruit to Montreal if it were offered in large enough quan- 

 tities. The New York and Ottawa railroad opens up a line of communication 

 directly into the heart of Kew York State and to New York City. Waddington in 

 New York State is connected with Morrisburg by ferry, and is in direct communica- 

 tion with the New York Central lines. 



ft 



Labor. — ^This problem is one of the most perplexing questions confronting the 

 farmers of Ontario, and is no less acute in this district than elsewhere. The farms 

 have been depleted of their youth by the rapid growth of Western Canada, and the 

 general exodus cityward. Perhaps this is a good sign of the prosperity of Canada, 

 and a good thing for the country as a whole, as it signifies good opportunities for 

 young men and the rapid growth of the country. But it has worked havoc on the 

 farms of this district. Everywhere is heard the same plaint, " The boys have gone 

 west or to the city and we cannot get help." In consequence, something must be 

 neglected, and invariably the first thing neglected is the orchard. There is a 

 remedy for this state of affairs, and it must be approached in an unbiased state of 

 mind. Men can procure higher wages in other parts of the country, and naturally 

 they go there. In the first place, they should receive better pay on the Ontario 

 farms so that they would not be so easily enticed away. Most farmers expect the 

 men to work very long hours for a wage much below that paid in other lines of 

 business. Farmers are receiving more for their produce now than formerly, and 

 especially is this true of the fruit products; therefore they should be able to pay 

 better wages. The more progressive farmers, however, find that it pays them to pay 

 better wages and treat their men well ; they get more intelligent work, done with ^ 



