quantities to ship each by the car load. These ends will best be gained by an orchard 

 of at least five acres in extent, and the larger they are, the better, up to a reasonable 

 size for the management of one individual, and that limit depends upon the business 

 ability of the grower. 



Soils and Locations.— Tiie apple thrives on a variety of types of soil. In this 

 section they are thriving and giving good results on all gradations from heavy clay 

 to light sandy and gravelly soils. But they must be all well underdrained, either 

 naturally or artificially. To use a common expression, "An apple tree mil not 

 thrive with wet feet," and this will soon become evident where a grower tries to 

 grow an orchard on poorly drained soil. 



Air drainage is also a very important factor in location, and for these reasons 

 it will be wise to select land that lies high and dry, and if the soil is in the least 

 retentive of moisture in its character it should be underdrained. Air drainage is 

 important because the trees will not thrive in stagnant air and because of the danger 

 of late spring and early fall frosts ; therefore it may be emphasized that the location 

 should have good air as well as water drainage. Along the St. Lawrence Eiver front 

 the air drainage is good, as the proximity of the water and the rapid current serves 

 to keep the air always in motion; even on the stillest nights there will always be a 

 current of air towards the water and flowing along with the current. 



Varieties. — There is a great number of varieties planted in this district, but the 

 majority of them have little or no commercial value. 



The following is a list found growing in this section: Salome, Bietigheimer, 

 Pine, Tolman, Fall Pippin, Eusset, Mcintosh, Duchess, Fameuse, Astraclian, St. 

 lyawrence, Ben Davis, Greening, Wealti^.y, Alexander, Mann, Tetosky, Stark, Twenty 

 Ounce, Peach, Baxter, Spitzenburg, Maiden Blush, Gideon, Haas, Yellow Trans- 

 parent, Spy, Blue Pearmain, Blenheim, Langford, Broekville Beauty, Bellflower, 

 Canada Red, Pewaukee, Baldwin, Early Harvest, Milwaukee, Wagener, Seek, Wolf 

 River, Whitney. 



It will easily be seen on glancing at the above list that these varieties must have • 

 only been planted in very small numhers. Nevertheless it bears out the fact that 

 there must be a great future for the production of apples of suitable varieties which 

 have been found to be the best in this section. 



A list is hereby given of the varieties recommended for this section by the 

 Department of Agriculture: — 



Transparent, Lowland-Raspherry, Duchess, St. Lawrence, Wealthy, Alexander, 

 Mcintosh, Fameuse, Wolf, Milwaukee, Baxter, Scott, Scarlet Pippin, Tolman. 



Crab Apples: Whitney, Martha, Hyslop. 



The best varieties for the district are: Mcintosh Red, Fameuse or Snow,, 

 Scarlet Pippin, and Wealthy for commercial purposes, while a few other select 

 varieties may be grown in small quantities for domestic use. The Mcintosh Red is 

 the best apple suited to this climate and locality. It is an early winter apple of good 

 color, large size, excellent quality, good packer, good shipper, and keeps until March 

 and April. It is well known in all markets and commands the highest price. The 

 Fameuse is perhaps the best known apple in eastern Ontario. The Scarlet Pippin 

 is not so well known, but is highly recommended by successful fruit growers of this 

 locality. It is a good shipper and keeper, being at its best in January. These three 

 varieties are early winter apples. The Wealthy, a fall apple, is well known on the 

 markets. It is large, of good color, a good shipper and packer and of good quality; 

 its season is from Octoher to January. The Duchess is another good fall variety, 

 ripening in the latter part of August, but its keeping qualities are not good, it 



